Cosmic Rays, Solar Activity and the Climate

Sloan, T.

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/409/1/012020

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…For the first 150 Ma, we assigned arbitrary a GCR fluence of 1; for the time interval 150–300 Ma, we assigned a GCR fluence of either 1, 1.5, or 3; for the time interval 300–450 Ma, we again assigned a value of 1, and so on. The upper two panels are for a constant GCR intensity (always 1), the middle two panels are for periodic GCR fluence variations of a factor of 1.5, that is, roughly in accord with the proposal by Sloan and Wolfendale (2013a), and the lower two panels are for periodic GCR fluence variations of a factor of 3, as proposed by Shaviv (, ). As a period we always use 150 Ma, close to the value proposed by Shaviv (, ).…”

Section: Theoretical Basicssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…By assuming that there is a causal link between GCR intensity and global warming, Erlykin et al (2009) determined that the long-term variation is expected to be less than 0.07°C since 1956, which would be less than 14% of the observed global warming. Other studies have confirmed these results (e.g., Sloan andWolfendale 2008, 2013a;Sloan 2013). Ormes (2017) on the other hand, concluded that there is no identifiable correlation between cloud coverage and GCR intensity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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The constancy of galactic cosmic rays as recorded by cosmogenic nuclides in iron meteorites

Smith

Cook

Merchel

et al. 2019

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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We measured the He, Ne, and Ar isotopic concentrations and the 10Be, 26Al, 36Cl, and 41Ca concentrations in 56 iron meteorites of groups IIIAB, IIAB, IVA, IC, IIA, IIB, and one ungrouped. From 41Ca and 36Cl data, we calculated terrestrial ages indistinguishable from zero for six samples, indicating recent falls, up to 562 ± 86 ka. Three of the studied meteorites are falls. The data for the other 47 irons confirm that terrestrial ages for iron meteorites can be as long as a few hundred thousand years even in relatively humid conditions. The 36Cl‐36Ar cosmic ray exposure (CRE) ages range from 4.3 ± 0.4 Ma to 652 ± 99 Ma. By including literature data, we established a consistent and reliable CRE age database for 67 iron meteorites. The high quality of the CRE ages enables us to study structures in the CRE age histogram more reliably. At first sight, the CRE age histogram shows peaks at about 400 and 630 Ma. After correction for pairing, the updated CRE age histogram comprises 41 individual samples and shows no indications of temporal periodicity, especially not if one considers each iron meteorite group separately. Our study contradicts the hypothesis of periodic GCR intensity variations (Shaviv 2002, 2003), confirming other studies indicating that there are no periodic structures in the CRE age histogram (e.g., Rahmstorf et al. 2004; Jahnke 2005). The data contradict the hypothesis that periodic GCR intensity variations might have triggered periodic Earth climate changes. The 36Cl‐36Ar CRE ages are on average 40% lower than the 41K‐K CRE ages (e.g., Voshage 1967). This offset can either be due to an offset in the 41K‐K dating system or due to a significantly lower GCR intensity in the time interval 195–656 Ma compared to the recent past. A 40% lower GCR intensity, however, would have increased the Earth temperature by up to 2 °C, which seems unrealistic and leaves an ill‐defined 41K‐K CRE age system the most likely explanation. Finally, we present new 26Al/21Ne and 10Be/21Ne production rate ratios of 0.32 ± 0.01 and 0.44 ± 0.03, respectively.

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Section: Theoretical Basicssupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

The constancy of galactic cosmic rays as recorded by cosmogenic nuclides in iron meteorites

Smith

Cook

Merchel

et al. 2019

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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“…Svensmark and Friis‐Christensen (1997) suggested that cosmic rays play a major role in climate change through atmospheric ionization and increased formation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). CCN exert a strong effect on the world's mean temperature (Sloan and Wolfendale, 2013), implying possible interplay between cosmic ray and temperature which is directly linked to sunshine hours and relative humidity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical associations of teleconnection indices and space weather with spring weather pattern in the Eastern Baltic region

Venclovienė

Kacienė

Kiznys

et al. 2020

Intl Journal of Climatology

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The studies of associations between solar inputs and climate are mostly designed for winter or cold period; whereas the knowledge about these associations during spring on a day-today time scale are very scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study is to detect the response of spring air temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and atmospheric pressure (ATP) to variation in teleconnection indices and space weather variables on the day-today timescale during the period of 1998-2017 in six cities of Eastern part of the Baltic region. We created a multivariate linear regression model for weather variables including month, the linear and seasonal trend, different teleconnection patterns, El Niño-Southern Oscillation, the Quasi-biennial Oscillation phase, the presence of Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) and space weather variables. The multivariate models for the mean daily weather variables showed a positive association between T and the daily Arctic oscillation, monthly Scandinavian pattern (SCA) indices, solar proton events (SPEs) with a lag of 1-9 days, and solar wind dynamic pressure (P) with a lag of 1-2 days and negative association between T and East Atlantic/West Russia (EA/WR) index. The mean RH positively correlated with a long-term and short-term variation in galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar wind speed (SWS) with a lag of 0-6 days and negatively correlated with EAWR and NINO3.4 indices. The mean ATP was negatively associated with both long-term and short-term changes in GCR and positively associated with the North Atlantic oscillation, EA/WR and SCA indices, B y component of interplanetary magnetic field with a lag of 2 days, P, days of Stream Interaction Regions (SIRs) and SWS with a lag of 4-6 days. These results show the significant short-term effects of SSW, SPEs, SIRs and solar wind variables on spring weather pattern in the Eastern part of the Baltic region.

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“…It is well established that GCR is a proxy index for solar activity. Used as proxies for solar activity 4 – 6 , these research showed that GCR variations are constantly out-of-phase with SSN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The physical mechanism controlling the coupling of solar magnetic activity and climate is the incidence of GCRs which act as nucleation particles for cloud formation. Recently, an evidence of contribution of GCR to climate was presented in a scientific study 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of sunspot number and Geomagnetic aa-index on climate of Wet Zone West Africa during solar cycles 22–24

Hanson

Okeke

2021

Sci Rep

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Using the facilities at Heliophysics Science Division of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA, we attempted to investigate the impact of solar magnetic activities on the climate of Wet Zone West Africa. The solar activity data namely, Sunspot Number (SSN) was obtained from the Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels; and Geomagnetic aa-index was obtained from World Data Center, Kyoto, Japan. Surface Air Temperature (SAT) and Rainfall data [for Port Harcourt in Nigeria and Abidjan in Cote D’Ivoire] were obtained from the HadCRUT-4 project of Climate Research Unit of University of East Anglia, United Kingdom. Firstly, we carried out Time Series Analysis of SSN and Geomagnetic aa-index spanning from 1950 to 2016. Secondly, we performed Regression Analysis on both solar activity data and climate variables to estimate the impact of solar magnetic activity on the Wet Zone West African climate. The Time Series Analysis showed that SSN variation was in-phase with Geomagnetic aa-index in all the solar cycles studied. Thus, Geomagnetic aa-index can be used as a proxy for studying solar magnetic activities. Performance of Regression Analysis showed that SSN regressed on SAT and Rainfall amounted to an average of 0.49 and 0.02% respectively throughout Solar Cycles 22–24. Furthermore, a regression of Geomagnetic aa-index on SAT and Rainfall yielded an average of 0.145 and 0.125% respectively. Our models showed that the variability of SAT and Rainfall in Wet Zone West Africa during Solar Cycles 22–24 are far less than 1%. Hence, the influence of SSN and Geomagnetic aa-index on SAT and Rainfall is less than 1%; and could cause ‘very small’ effect. These weak impacts are proofs that the variability of SAT and Rainfall were most probably not effected by SSN and Geomagnetic aa-index. Consequently, the variability of SAT and Rainfall in Wet Zone West Africa could not be attributed to SSN and Geomagnetic aa-index. We therefore, attempt to conclude that climate variability in Wet Zone West Africa is most probably not driven by solar magnetic activity, but could be attributed to anthropogenic activities.

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Cosmic Rays, Solar Activity and the Climate

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

The constancy of galactic cosmic rays as recorded by cosmogenic nuclides in iron meteorites

The constancy of galactic cosmic rays as recorded by cosmogenic nuclides in iron meteorites

Statistical associations of teleconnection indices and space weather with spring weather pattern in the Eastern Baltic region

Impacts of sunspot number and Geomagnetic aa-index on climate of Wet Zone West Africa during solar cycles 22–24

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