Cosmic Rays from the Knee to the Ankle – Status and Prospects

Kampert, K.‐H.

doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.11.048

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is interesting to remark that nowadays the indirect and direct measurements match rather reasonably and integrate each other to provide a unified scenario at the transition energies (10 14 -10 15 eV)[1].…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…1 [1]: the rate of primaries above 10 15 eV on a typical square-meter detector being of the order of a few events per month (and moreover, concerning energy determination, the limited depths of the detectors allows the measurement of the energy released into the e.m. (π 0 ) component just in the first interaction of the incoming particle). 1 [1]: the rate of primaries above 10 15 eV on a typical square-meter detector being of the order of a few events per month (and moreover, concerning energy determination, the limited depths of the detectors allows the measurement of the energy released into the e.m. (π 0 ) component just in the first interaction of the incoming particle).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cosmic ray primary spectrum [1] and the peculiarities of the different regions. They can realize very large collecting areas (depending on the primary energies of interest, and therefore the related fluxes), and have to face experimental problems of different nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Physics of KASCADE-Grande

Navarra¹

2008

AIP Conference Proceedings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The basic experimental information and open questions in cosmic ray studies in the high energy region 10 15 − 10 18 eV: knee, end of galactic radiation, transition to the extragalactic sources, are summarized. It is shown that an extension of the experimental information with the quality achieved in the region of the knee (10 15 − 10 16 eV) up to 10 18 eV is required to complete the measurements of the knee, identify the transition to the extragalactic component, and put the basis for the interpretation of the data at the highest energies. KASCADE-Grande, now operating at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, is shown to fulfill the requirements, both concerning the acceptance and the experimental performances.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Physics of KASCADE-Grande

Navarra¹

2008

AIP Conference Proceedings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is important to emphasize the disagreement, or the potential disagreement, between these two experiments on <ln(A)> around 10 17 eV. The knees of the light ions have been observed by a number of experiments above 10 15 eV [49,50]. This fact necessarily implies an increase of <ln(A)> above 10 15 eV, since the disappearance of light ions automatically enhances the heavy ion fraction.…”

Section: Reported Measurements Of the Mean Atmospheric Depth Of The C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemical composition of the cosmic radiation around the ankle and the related spectral indices

Codino,

Plouin

2009

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Some recent measurements of the chemical composition of the cosmic radiation indicate that at the energy of 3 × 10 18 eV, around the ankle, light cosmic ions dominate the spectrum as it occurs in the preknee energy region. Taking advantage of a recent theory of cosmic radiation which provides a quantitative explanation of the knee, the second knee and the ankle, the chemical composition of cosmic radiation is explicitly calculated giving individual ion spectra and ion fractions from 10 12 eV to 5 × 10 19 eV. The calculation assumes two components of the cosmic radiation feeding the ion flux at Earth: one originated in the disc volume and another one, called extradisc component , which from the disc boundaries traverses the Galaxy reaching the solar system. Data above 10 17 collected during half century of experimentation by Auger, HiRes, Agasa, Akeno, Fly' s Eye, Yakutsk, Haverah Park and Volcano Ranch experiments are reviewed, examined and compared with the theoretical . The comparison between computed and measured exhibits a good global accord up to 2×10 19 eV except with the HiRes experiment and an excellent agreement in the range 10 15 -10 17 eV with Kascade, Eas-top, Tunka and other experiments. The accord requires a flux of the extradisc component of 1.8 × 10 14 particles/(m 2 sr s eV 1.5 ) at 10 19 eV, twice that generated by disc sources.

show abstract

“…At the location of the ankle, the sources of CRs likely change from Galactic to extragalactic accelerators because, at this energy, the CR gyroradius is already comparable to the thickness of the Galactic disk (e.g., Kampert 2007 ). Collisions of CR protons with cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons can generate electron-positron pairs resulting in a pair production dip in the CR proton spectrum between and eV, which could be responsible for (some of) the observed spectral flattening (Berezinsky et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cosmic ray feedback in galaxies and galaxy clusters

Ruszkowski,

Pfrommer

2023

Astron Astrophys Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding the physical mechanisms that control galaxy formation is a fundamental challenge in contemporary astrophysics. Recent advances in the field of astrophysical feedback strongly suggest that cosmic rays (CRs) may be crucially important for our understanding of cosmological galaxy formation and evolution. The appealing features of CRs are their relatively long cooling times and relatively strong dynamical coupling to the gas. In galaxies, CRs can be close to equipartition with the thermal, magnetic, and turbulent energy density in the interstellar medium, and can be dynamically very important in driving large-scale galactic winds. Similarly, CRs may provide a significant contribution to the pressure in the circumgalactic medium. In galaxy clusters, CRs may play a key role in addressing the classic cooling flow problem by facilitating efficient heating of the intracluster medium and preventing excessive star formation. Overall, the underlying physics of CR interactions with plasmas exhibit broad parallels across the entire range of scales characteristic of the interstellar, circumgalactic, and intracluster media. Here we present a review of the state-of-the-art of this field and provide a pedagogical introduction to cosmic ray plasma physics, including the physics of wave–particle interactions, acceleration processes, CR spatial and spectral transport, and important cooling processes. The field is ripe for discovery and will remain the subject of intense theoretical, computational, and observational research over the next decade with profound implications for the interpretation of the observations of stellar and supermassive black hole feedback spanning the entire width of the electromagnetic spectrum and multi-messenger data.

show abstract

Cosmic Rays from the Knee to the Ankle – Status and Prospects

Cited by 9 publications

References 49 publications

The Physics of KASCADE-Grande

The Physics of KASCADE-Grande

The chemical composition of the cosmic radiation around the ankle and the related spectral indices

Cosmic ray feedback in galaxies and galaxy clusters

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About