Cosmic ray solar modulation and Forbush decrease analyses based on atmospheric neutron spectrometry at mountain altitude and GEANT4 simulations of extensive air showers

Cheminet, A.; Hubert, G.; Lacoste, V.; Maurin, D.; Derome, L.

doi:10.1002/2013ja019166

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…SEE cross sections were calculated thanks to MUSCA-SEP 3 . In this work, the atmospheric radiation fields (ground and avionic) were deduced by means of an atmospheric radiation model named ATMORAD [22], which is based on GEANT4 simulations of extensive Air Showers according to primary spectra which only depend on the solar modulation potential (Force-Field Approximation [31], [32]). Moreover, the solar potential is deduced from measurements issued from the neutron spectrometer operated by ONERA [33], [34] in the Pic-du-Midi (France, +2880 m above sea level) and the Concordia scientific station (Antarctica).…”

Section: B Methodology To Calculate the Atmospheric Sermentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity Characterization of a COTS 90-nm SRAM at Ultra Low Bias Voltage

Clemente

Hubert

Franco

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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Abstract-This paper presents the characterization of the sensitivity to 14-MeV neutrons of a Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) 90-nm Static Random Access Memories (SRAMs) manufactured by Cypress Semiconductor, when biased at ultra low voltage. Firstly, experiments exposing this memory at 14-MeV neutrons, when powering it up at bias voltages ranging from 0.5V to 3.3V, are presented and discussed. These results are in good concordance with theoretical predictions issued by the modeling tool MUSCA-SEP 3 (MUlti-SCAles Single Event Phenomena Predictive Platform). Then, this tool has been used to obtain Soft Error Rate (SER) predictions at different altitudes above the Earth's surface of this device vs. its bias voltage. Finally, the effect of contamination by α particles has also been estimated at said range of bias voltages.

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Section: B Methodology To Calculate the Atmospheric Sermentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity Characterization of a COTS 90-nm SRAM at Ultra Low Bias Voltage

Clemente

Hubert

Franco

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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“…While various different ERBS systems [27][28][29][30][31] have been used to measure neutron spectra that extend up to very high energies, e.g., measurements of atmospheric radiation [32][33][34][35] and around nonmedical accelerators, 28,30,[36][37][38][39][40] this detection technique has not previously been used for measurement of neutron spectra associated with clinical proton therapy. The objectives of the present study were therefore to measure a secondary neutron spectrum using an ERBS, to report neutron fluence as a function of energy, and to calculate the ambient dose equivalent from proton therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary neutron spectrum from 250‐MeV passively scattered proton therapy: Measurement with an extended‐range Bonner sphere system

Howell

Burgett

2014

Medical Physics

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Purpose: Secondary neutrons are an unavoidable consequence of proton therapy. While the neutron dose is low compared to the primary proton dose, its presence and contribution to the patient dose is nonetheless important. The most detailed information on neutrons includes an evaluation of the neutron spectrum. However, the vast majority of the literature that has reported secondary neutron spectra in proton therapy is based on computational methods rather than measurements. This is largely due to the inherent limitations in the majority of neutron detectors, which are either not suitable for spectral measurements or have limited response at energies greater than 20 MeV. Therefore, the primary objective of the present study was to measure a secondary neutron spectrum from a proton therapy beam using a spectrometer that is sensitive to neutron energies over the entire neutron energy spectrum. Methods: The authors measured the secondary neutron spectrum from a 250-MeV passively scattered proton beam in air at a distance of 100 cm laterally from isocenter using an extended-range Bonner sphere (ERBS) measurement system. Ambient dose equivalent H*(10) was calculated using measured fluence and fluence-to-ambient dose equivalent conversion coefficients. Results: The neutron fluence spectrum had a high-energy direct neutron peak, an evaporation peak, a thermal peak, and an intermediate energy continuum between the thermal and evaporation peaks. The H*(10) was dominated by the neutrons in the evaporation peak because of both their high abundance and the large quality conversion coefficients in that energy interval. The H*(10) 100 cm laterally from isocenter was 1.6 mSv per proton Gy (to isocenter). Approximately 35% of the dose equivalent was from neutrons with energies ≥20 MeV. Conclusions: The authors measured a neutron spectrum for external neutrons generated by a 250-MeV proton beam using an ERBS measurement system that was sensitive to neutrons over the entire energy range being measured, i.e., thermal to 250 MeV. The authors used the neutron fluence spectrum to demonstrate experimentally the contribution of neutrons with different energies to the total dose equivalent and in particular the contribution of high-energy neutrons (≥20 MeV). These are valuable reference data that can be directly compared with Monte Carlo and experimental data in the literature. © 2014 Author(s)

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“…E) accounts for time and energy dependencies of the NM response, including the development of hadronic cascades[50], and the factor V d ∝ exp(f d h d ) set the absolute normalization and its altitude dependence. To compute Eq.…”

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confidence: 99%

Solar and nuclear physics uncertainties in cosmic-ray propagation

Tomassetti

2017

Phys. Rev. D

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Recent data released by the AMS experiment on the primary spectra and secondary-to-primary ratios in cosmic rays (CRs) can pose tight constraints to astrophysical models of CR acceleration and transport in the Galaxy, thereby providing a robust baseline of the astrophysical background for dark matter search via antimatter. However, models of CR propagation are affected by other important sources of uncertainties, notably from solar modulation and nuclear fragmentation, that cannot be improved with the sole use of the AMS data. The present work is aimed at assessing these uncertainties and their relevance in the interpretation of the new AMS data on the boron-to-carbon (B/C) ratio. Uncertainties from solar modulation are estimated using improved models of CR transport in the Heliosphere constrained against various type of measurements: monthly-resolved CR data collected by balloon-born or space missions, interstellar flux data from the Voyager-1 spacecraft, and counting rates from ground-based neutron monitor detectors. Uncertainties from nuclear fragmentation are estimated using semiempirical cross-section formulae constrained by measurements on isotopically-resolved and charge-changing reactions. We found that a proper data-driven treatment of solar modulation can guarantee the desired level of precision, in comparison with the improved accuracy of the recent data on the B/C ratio. On the other hand, nuclear uncertainties represent a serious limiting factor over a wide energy range. We therefore stress the need for establishing a dedicated program of cross-section measurements at the $\mathcal{O}$(100 GeV) energy scale.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables - matches published versio

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Cosmic ray solar modulation and Forbush decrease analyses based on atmospheric neutron spectrometry at mountain altitude and GEANT4 simulations of extensive air showers

Cited by 24 publications

References 47 publications

Sensitivity Characterization of a COTS 90-nm SRAM at Ultra Low Bias Voltage

Sensitivity Characterization of a COTS 90-nm SRAM at Ultra Low Bias Voltage

Secondary neutron spectrum from 250‐MeV passively scattered proton therapy: Measurement with an extended‐range Bonner sphere system

Solar and nuclear physics uncertainties in cosmic-ray propagation

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