Cosmic-ray interactions with the Sun using the fluka code

Mazziotta, M. N.; Luque, Pedro De la Torre; Venere, L. Di; Fassó, A.; Ferrari, A.; Loparco, F.; Sala, P.; Serini, D.

doi:10.1103/physrevd.101.083011

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(125 reference statements)

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“…Such a development might be used in modelling aimed at interpreting the quiet sun gammaradiation (cf. Li et al 2015;Mazziotta et al 2020). It would also allow us to model configurations including nulls, in the vicinity of which particle adiabatic motion will break down (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geant4 has also been used to study cosmic ray interaction with planetary atmospheres and surfaces (Desorgher et al 2006a;Matthiä et al 2016;Guo et al 2018). Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) observations of gamma-radiation from the quiet sun (Abdo et al 2011) have motivated studies of cosmic ray interaction with the solar atmosphere using Fluka (Mazziotta et al 2020) and Geant4 (Li et al 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Modelling magnetised medium particle transport in the guiding centre limit with GEANT4

Tuneu

Castro

Szpigel

et al. 2021

A&A

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Monte Carlo codes are a standard tool for studying energetic particle propagation, secondary production, and radiation in astrophysical settings. In magnetised plasmas such as those found in solar active regions, the enormous disparity between particle gyroradii and system scales proves to be a major computational obstacle. To address this problem we have written a new module in Geant4 using the guiding centre (GC) approach in which the particle motion is averaged over a gyrofrequency. We describe the formulation and implementation of this method in particular dealing with the uncertainty in gyrophase so that particle velocities are well-defined for input to the modules handling reactions. As far as feasible, we compare the propagation and slowing down of primary protons, secondary particle production, and run times in the GC limit with the Newton-Lorentz (NL) approach, finding very good agreement between the two methods and orders of magnitude improvement in run times in the GC case. Finally, we present an illustrative solar physics application involving two interacting dipoles, which is only achievable using the GC approach.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Modelling magnetised medium particle transport in the guiding centre limit with GEANT4

Tuneu

Castro

Szpigel

et al. 2021

A&A

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“…This emission consists of two components: a disk emission originating from hadronic cosmic-ray cascades in the solar atmosphere and a spatially extended emission from the inverse Compton scattering of cosmic-ray electrons on solar photons in the heliosphere. The disk emission was first mentioned by Dolan & Fazio (1965) and Seckel et al (1991) and the existence of an additional, spatially extended component was not realized until recently (Moskalenko et al 2006;Orlando & Strong 2007;Linden et al 2018;Mazziotta et al 2020). The quiet Sun was detected for the first time in γ rays in the EGRET data (Orlando & Strong 2008).…”

Section: The Fermi -Lat Sunmonitormentioning

confidence: 98%

The First Fermi-LAT Solar Flare Catalog

Ajello,

Baldini,

Bastieri

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We present the first Fermi -Large Area Telescope (LAT) solar flare catalog covering the 24 th solar cycle. This catalog contains 45 Fermi -LAT solar flares (FLSFs) with emission in the γ-ray energy band (30 MeV -10 GeV) detected with a significance ≥5σ over the years 2010-2018. A subsample containing 37 of these flares exhibit delayed emission beyond the prompt-impulsive hard X-ray phase with 21 flares showing delayed emission lasting more than two hours. No prompt-impulsive emission is detected in four of these flares. We also present in this catalog the observations of GeV emission from 3 flares originating from Active Regions located behind the limb (BTL) of the visible solar disk. We report the light curves, spectra, best proton index and localization (when possible) for all the FLSFs. The γ-ray spectra is consistent with the decay of pions produced by >300 MeV protons. This work contains the largest sample of high-energy γ-ray flares ever reported and provides the unique opportunity to perform population studies on the different phases of the flare and thus allowing to open a new window in solar physics.

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“…[3] for a 7-years data sample. This is due to the fact that the intensity of the solar magnetic field increases with the solar activity [12]. Since the flux of charged CRs is modulated by solar magnetic fields and gamma rays are produced by charged CRs impinging on the Moon, the flux of lunar gamma rays at Earth must itself be modulated by solar activity.…”

Section: Pos(icrc2021)607mentioning

confidence: 99%

The gamma-ray Moon seen by the Fermi LAT over a full solar cycle

Gaetano¹,

Mazziotta²,

Loparco³

et al. 2021

Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021)

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The Moon is among the brightest gamma-ray sources in the sky. We have reconstructed its gamma-ray spectrum in the energy range from 30 MeV up to a few GeV using the data collected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope during its first 12.5 years of operation since its launch in 2008, a period covering the duration of a whole solar cycle. We have also studied the evolution of the lunar gamma-ray emission by measuring the spectra in 6 months time intervals. The data show a strong correlation with the solar activity. Gamma rays produced on the lunar surface are in fact originated in the interactions of cosmic rays (mainly proton and helium), whose fluxes are affected by solar modulation. We have also developed a model based on the FLUKA simulation code to evaluate the yields of photons produced by cosmic-ray protons and helium nuclei impinging on the Moon. We have then folded the gamma-ray yields obtained from the model with the primary proton and helium spectra measured by the AMS02 and PAMELA experiments in different time intervals and we have compared the simulation results with the experimental data, showing that the simulation reproduces correctly the time evolution of the lunar gamma-ray flux.

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Cosmic-ray interactions with the Sun using the fluka code

Cited by 31 publications

References 59 publications

Modelling magnetised medium particle transport in the guiding centre limit with GEANT4

Modelling magnetised medium particle transport in the guiding centre limit with GEANT4

The First Fermi-LAT Solar Flare Catalog

The gamma-ray Moon seen by the Fermi LAT over a full solar cycle

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