Cosmic evolution of radio-excess active galactic nuclei in quiescent and star-forming galaxies across 0 < z < 4

Abstract

Radio-excess active galactic nuclei (radio-AGNs) are essential to our understanding of both the physics of black hole (BH) accretion and the interaction between BHs and host galaxies. Recent deep and wide radio continuum surveys have made it possible to study radio-AGNs down to lower luminosities and up to higher redshifts than previous studies, and are providing new insights into the abundance and physical origin of radio-AGNs. Here we focus on the cosmic evolution, physical properties, and AGN-host galaxy connections of radio-AGNs selected from a total sample of sim 400,000 galaxies at $0 &lt; z &lt; 4$ in the GOODS-N and COSMOS fields. Combining the deep radio continuum data with multi-band, de-blended far-infrared, and submillimeter data, we were able to identify 983 radio-AGNs out of the entire galaxy sample through radio excess relative to the far-infrared--radio relation. We studied the cosmic evolution of 1.4 GHz radio luminosity functions (RLFs) for both star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and radio-AGNs, which can be well described by a pure luminosity evolution of $L_ star z +3.57 $ and a pure density evolution of $ star z +2.69 $, respectively. We derived the turnover luminosity, above which the number density of radio-AGNs surpasses that of SFGs. We show that this crossover luminosity increases with increasing redshifts, from $10^ W Hz $ at $z 0$ to W Hz $ at $z 4$. At the full redshift range of $0 &lt; z &lt; 4$, we further derive the probability radio $) of SFGs and quiescent galaxies (QGs) hosting a radio-AGN, as a function of stellar mass ($M_ star $), radio luminosity ($L_ R $), and redshift ($z$), which yields $p_ radio star R $ for SFGs, and $p_ radio star R $ for QGs, respectively. The quantitative relation for the probabilities of galaxies hosting a radio-AGN indicates that radio-AGNs in QGs prefer to reside in more massive galaxies with higher $L_ R $ than those in SFGs. The fraction of radio-AGN increases toward higher redshift in both SFGs and QGs, with a more rapid increase in SFGs.

Very Long Baseline Interferometry Detection of an Active Radio Source Potentially Driving 100 kpc Scale Emission in the Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxy IRAS F01004–2237

“…A wellestablished correlation, spanning up to 5 orders of magnitude, exists between far-infrared and radio emission from galaxies (e.g., Helou et al 1985;Condon et al 1991aCondon et al , 1991bAppleton et al 2004;Gim et al 2019). The intense radio emission, deviating significantly from this correlation, is attributed to the influence of AGN activities (e.g., Yun et al 2001;Calistro Rivera et al 2017;Wang et al 2024). However, recent studies have shown that radio excess can only collect the most radioloud AGNs (e.g., Morić et al 2010;Solarz et al 2019).…”