Cosmeceuticals for hyperpigmentation: What is available?

Sarkar, Rashmi; Arora, Pooja; Garg, K Vijay

doi:10.4103/0974-2077.110089

Cited by 160 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This result agrees with reports by other researchers concerning the prevalent use of hydroquinone by cosmetic formulators [17]. This may also be attributed to the fact that this chemical has been known to have skin de-pigmenting properties for a longer period of time than the others; or as a result of the fact that it is known to have no permanent effect if used at the proper level [20] recommended by regulatory bodies. It could also be that the chemical was used as an antioxidant as it can act in such a capacity as well [46].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Mequinol (4-hydroxyl anisole) is a derivative of hydroquinone that acts as a substrate for tyrosinase, inhibiting formation of melanin precursors [20]. The mechanism of action of this inhibition which results in de-pigmenting of the skin is unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is the most widely prescribed skin lightening and de-pigmenting agent. Arbutin inhibits tyrosinase activity competitively, but at a non-cytotoxic concentration in a dose dependent manner in cultured melanocytes [20].The depigmenting effect of arbutin has been reported to reduce cellular tyrosinase without changing the cell viability [29]. Arbutin also inhibits melanosomes maturation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is therefore considered to be a potent melanocyte cytotoxic agent [19]. Hydroquinone is commonly used at 2-4% levels [20], and clinical studies report well excellent induced responses by 2% hydroquinone. Effects of hydroquinone below3% are known to be transient and do not cause, skin injuries [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous Determination of Hydroquinone, Kojic Acid and L-Ascorbic Acid in Some Cosmetic Emulsions

Oyedeji¹,

Akemu²

2017

ijSciences

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Abstract:The presence of skin de-pigmenting agents in cosmetic products, have received considerable attention in Nigeria as a possible source of skin abuse. There has been a call by government for cosmetic products manufacturers to comply with regulatory limits of these additives in their products. This study contributes to the pool of data available on levels of skin de-pigmenting agents in cosmetic products. Fifty cosmetic emulsions for skin use were randomly purchased from some sales outlets in Ibadan, South West Nigeria with the aim of determining the level of hydroquinone, kojic acid and l-ascorbic acid in them. Manufacturer claims were determined by examining the cosmetic package labels. The three de-pigmenting additives were determined simultaneously and quantitatively using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results show that 96% of the emulsions were manufactured in four different continents namely Africa (42%), North America (32%), Europe (20%), Asia (2%) and undetermined origin (4%) by 28 different manufacturers. 36% of the manufacturers indicated % hydroquinone content to be 2% while no manufacturer indicated kojic and ascorbic acid content. 52% of the emulsions were creams, 44% lotions and 4% milks. 34% of the samples did not contain any of the three de-pigmenting agents, while 50% contained just hydroquinone, 2% kojic acid alone and 2% only ascorbic acid. Both hydroquinone and kojic acid were in 8% of the samples and only 4% contained the three additives. Levels of occurrence of the additives were 0.1 -4.9% hydroquinone, 0.3 -1.3% kojic acid and ascorbic 0.01 -3.6%. The emulsions which contained hydroquinone were mostly from Africa (28%) followed by North America (22%) followed by Europe (8%), while only 2% from Asia and unidentified continent. Samples from Cote de Voire contained higher concentrations of hydroquinone which were greater than 3% in all cases except one. In conclusion, this study showed that hydroquinone is the major skin de-pigmenting agent in cosmetics in Nigeria the Nigerian Market. 22% of the manufacturers used hydroquinone at levels higher than the regulatory limit (2%). 64% of these manufacturers (55% Cote de Voire + 9% others) are from Africa. Only one manufacturer from Nigeria included hydroquinone at a level above regulatory limit.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Simultaneous Determination of Hydroquinone, Kojic Acid and L-Ascorbic Acid in Some Cosmetic Emulsions

Oyedeji¹,

Akemu²

2017

ijSciences

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“…The newly formulated herbomineral test formulation was studied to investigate the role on skin depigmentation. For comparison purpose, the kojic acid (10 mM) was used as positive control in this assay, which was extensively used as a skin whitening compound in many cosmetic products [40]. The cellular content of melanin was reduced by 12.49%, 6.7%, and 8.79% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation, BT-DMEM + UTTest formulation, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation groups, respectively at 0.06 µg/mL with respect to the UT-DMEM + UT-Test formulation group.…”

Section: Effect Of the Test Formulation On Skin Depigmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on Herbomineral Formulation in Different Skin Health Parameters

Smith¹

2017

AJBLS

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Abstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Consciousness Energy Healing based test formulation and cell medium (DMEM) against various skin health parameters. The test formulation and DMEM were divided into two parts. One part received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment (The Trivedi Effect ® ) by Deborah Lea Smith and termed as the Biofield Energy Treated sample, while other part denoted as untreated test item. The study was assessed for the measurement of collagen, elastin, hyaluronic acid, melanin synthesis, cell viability against UV-B induced stress, and wound healing activity. MTT assay showed that the test formulation was safe and nontoxic in three cell lines. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay data showed that the percent cell proliferation was increased significantly by 22.69% and 34.99% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation and BT-DMEM + UT-Test formulation groups, respectively at 8.75 µg/mL compared to the UT-DMEM + UTTest formulation group. Collagen was increased by 15.12% and 15.26% in the BT-DMEM + UT-Test formulation and BT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation groups, respectively at 0.625 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Elastin was significantly increased by 9.10%, 13.71%, and 12.41% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation, BT-DMEM + Test formulation, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation groups, respectively at 5 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Elastin was also increased significantly by 17.78% and 6.01% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation and BT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation groups, respectively at 10 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Hyaluronic acid was significantly increased by 3.90%, 5.37%, and 6.82% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation at 0.625, 1.25, and 2.5 µg/mL, respectively compared to the untreated group. Melanin level was reduced by 14.64% and 18.25% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation and BT-DMEM + UT-Test formulation groups, respectively at 0.13 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Skin cells protection was significantly increased by 21.32%, 23.81%, and 7.20% at 0.625, 1.25, and 2.5 µg/mL, respectively in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test formulation compared to the untreated group. Wound healing assay exhibited significant wound closure and cell migration in all the tested groups compared to the untreated group. Overall, the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation and DMEM (The Trivedi Effect ® ) were found to be safe and can be developed as an effective cosmetic product to protect and treat the skin problems including infection,

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Cosmeceuticals

Koo,

Kimball,

Wanner

2016

Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, Ninth Edition

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The term cosmeceutical refers to a category of skincare products that are purported to have active ingredients whose physiological or pharmacological actions are capable of inducing cosmetic enhancements to the skin. Given a demand for brighter, healthier, younger‐appearing skin, and relatively limited regulatory control, thousands of different cosmeceutical formulations have found their way onto store shelves and onto the skin of hopeful consumers, despite a lack of scientific evidence. This chapter summarizes new and old, common and rare cosmeceutical ingredients; their uses and side effects; and the science, where available, behind the claims.

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Cosmeceuticals for hyperpigmentation: What is available?

Cited by 160 publications

References 39 publications

Simultaneous Determination of Hydroquinone, Kojic Acid and L-Ascorbic Acid in Some Cosmetic Emulsions

Simultaneous Determination of Hydroquinone, Kojic Acid and L-Ascorbic Acid in Some Cosmetic Emulsions

Impact of Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on Herbomineral Formulation in Different Skin Health Parameters

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