Cosmas and Damian, patron saints of surgery

Zimmerman, Leo M.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(36)90649-9

Cited by 3 publications

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“…또 외상 외과 의사 출신인 짐머맨은 오랜 세월 쌍둥이 성인과 관련된 다양한 예술 작품들을 수집하고 분류하여 도상학뿐만 아니라 의학사의 연구에도 크게 기여하고 있다( Zimmerman, 1998 , 2013 )[ 3 ]. 의학사의 관점에서 두 성인을 이해하거나 비판하려는 일부 연구들도 눈여겨보아야 하는데, 이 연구들 대부분은 신화학이나 도상학의 연구결과들을 의학사의 틀 내에서 종합하는, 단편적인 조합에 머물러 아쉬움이 남는다( Conolly and Benanzio, 2007 ; Hernigou, 2014 ; Rutt, 1994 ; Schechter, 1968 ; Schlich, 1995 ; Zimmerman, 1936 ). 이 논문은 파편화된 일단의 연구를 종합하고 이를 의학의 역사 속에서 긴 호흡으로 짚어보려는 하나의 작업이다.…”

Section: 서론unclassified

“…대략 숭배가 이루어진 지역에 따라 서로 다른 세 가지 버전이 전해 내려올 정도로 두 인물의 삶에 대해서는 일치된 의견이 없다. 현재 가장 널리 수용된 내용은 아라비아 버전인데, 이것이 두 성인에 대한 서구 기독교 사회의 숭배 현상의 바탕을 이룬다( Zimmerman, 1936: 161-162 ; Danilevicius, 1967: 1021 ; Price and Twombly, 1978 ). 본 연구의 중심도 여기에 두고 있다.…”

Section: 서론unclassified

“…또한, 두 성인의 유보(遺寶, relic)는 시리아 북부의 알레포(Alleppo) 근처의 키루스(Cyrrhus), 콘스탄티노플(Constantinople), 에게아, 로마 및 투르(Tours)를 포함한 여러 지역에 분산되어 숭앙받는다( Harrold, 2007: 26 ). 그리고 특히 중세에 이르러서는 숭배 현상이 유럽 전체에 걸쳐 더 빠르게 확대되었고, 로마 가톨릭교회와 동방 정교회를 아우른다( Nebojs ˇa and Theologou, 2015: 329 ; Zimmerman, 1936: 164 )[ 6 ]. 그리고 현재도 기독교가 전파되어 정착된 지역에서 여전히 쌍둥이 성인을 기리고 있다[ 7 ].…”

Section: 서론unclassified

“…과 도상학 분야의 연구들 (David-Danel, 1958a, 1958bHarrold, 2007;Julien, 1980; Re ′au, 1988Re ′au, [1958; Theler, 2014) (Csepregi, 2002(Csepregi, , 2007(Csepregi, , 2012de Jong, 1998de Jong, , 2013Huisman, 1998 (Barkan, 1996;Bynum, 1990Bynum, , 2016Fracchia, 2013, Jacquet, 1983 대해 진지한 성찰을 꾀한다 (Duffin, 2013). 또 외상 외과 의사 출신인 짐머맨 은 오랜 세월 쌍둥이 성인과 관련된 다양한 예술 작품들을 수집하고 분류하 여 도상학뿐만 아니라 의학사의 연구에도 크게 기여하고 있다 (Zimmerman, 1998(Zimmerman, , 2013 (Conolly and Benanzio, 2007;Hernigou, 2014;Rutt, 1994;Schechter, 1968;Schlich, 1995;Zimmerman, 1936 (Riddle, 1974: 166) (Belmonte, 2009 (Harrold, 2007: 26). 그리고 특 히 중세에 이르러서는 숭배 현상이 유럽 전체에 걸쳐 더 빠르게 확대되었고, 로마 가톨릭교회와 동방 정교회를 아우른다 (Nebojša and Theologou, 2015: 329;Zimmerman, 1936: 164 (Conolly and Benanzio, 2007: 9;또한 Duffin, 2013;Julien, 1980 등도 참조).…”

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Religious Myths and their Historical Heritage: How did Saints Cosmas and Damian become Patron Saints of Surgery? - From the Miracle of the Black Legs to 21st Century Transplant Medicine -

Soh

2020

Korean J Med Hist

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This paper explores the heritage and the essential significance of worship of the twin Christian saints -St. Cosmas and St. Damian- in the history of medicine. These saints are well known in Western culture as one of the leading Christian saints to heal diseases, whose cults have spread to Europe through Byzantium, which have continued to spread widely to the present, starting from areas where Christianity had been proselytized. Although it is true that their life journeys have undergone many processes of embellishment and beautification over the course of time, the attributes that distinctively characterize the two saints exist apart from such mythical fabrications. This paper categorizes the characteristics of the two saints as being those of “professional doctors,” “ideal doctors,” and “holders of healing powers” as intermediaries of God, examining how these characteristics came to affect various medical organizations during the era when Medieval medicine was gradually transitioning toward a rational approach based on reason. In addition, it discusses how some of the practices of ancient temple medicine were transplanted into the Christian culture, the process by which it finally arrived at human doctors through the two saints, and how it affected the establishment of professional work ethics -albeit in nascent form- as their medical ethics came to be accepted and practiced by the Medieval guild of surgeons. Furthermore, the paper considers how the existence of the two saints has acquired symbolism in modern medicine, which has made remarkable progress in organ transplantation, and in particular, how it constitutes a significant part of the history of organ transplantation. It is not easy to objectify and attach meaning to an era that was substantially influenced by myths, legends, or religious events. This is because it is easy to fall into the trap of simplifying and passing judgment on the past based on the realities of the present day, without making efforts to understand the unique circumstances and contexts of the past. This is especially the case when the distinction between “religious events” and “medical events” is ambiguous, or when dealing with a social culture where religious influence was paramount. From a broader perspective, the study of St. Cosmas and St. Damian is not concerned with the rights or wrongs of religious myths amid the advancement of medicine and its adherence to science and reason, but with the attempt at a deep and broad understanding of human diseases and human conditions of being prone to such diseases throughout life.

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Section: 서론unclassified

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Religious Myths and their Historical Heritage: How did Saints Cosmas and Damian become Patron Saints of Surgery? - From the Miracle of the Black Legs to 21st Century Transplant Medicine -

Soh

2020

Korean J Med Hist

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“…Eventually they were beheaded in 303 AD . 15 Together with St Luke, today they are patron saints of the medical profession.…”

Section: The Dark Agementioning

confidence: 99%

The origins of surgery: 1. From prehistory to Renaissance*

Tai

1999

Annals of the College of Surgeons of Hong Kong

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The art, craft and science of surgery is a highly interpersonal skill, central to a variety of traditions and cultures throughout human history. The development of surgery parallels the evolution of the human race from prehistory to the present time. This review attempts to examine the changing concepts and practices in surgery from the earliest era, enshrouded in mysticism and magic, through a manual craft performed by barbers and artisans, to a dignified profession based on science and technology. The evolution of surgery in the previous millennia is reviewed against the culture and morals, the politics and religion, and the philosophy and science of its period; in so doing assessing its perspective on the threshold of a new millennium.

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The Skullcap, Cranial Vault or Calvarium

Marani

Heida

2018

Head and Neck

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Cosmas and Damian, patron saints of surgery

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Religious Myths and their Historical Heritage: How did Saints Cosmas and Damian become Patron Saints of Surgery? - From the Miracle of the Black Legs to 21st Century Transplant Medicine -

Religious Myths and their Historical Heritage: How did Saints Cosmas and Damian become Patron Saints of Surgery? - From the Miracle of the Black Legs to 21st Century Transplant Medicine -

The origins of surgery: 1. From prehistory to Renaissance*

The Skullcap, Cranial Vault or Calvarium

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