Coryphoid palms from the Oligocene of China and their biogeographical implications

Wang, Qiujun; Ma, Feifei; Jia, Dong; Yang, Yi; Jin, Peihong; Sun, Bainian

doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2015.03.005

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Numerous palm leaf fossils have been reported from various parts of the world, and it is not possible to compare all of them with the present fossil; however, we compared those that are most similar. In China, several costapalmate leaves have been described from Eocene sediments, such as Sabalites asymmetricus , Sabalites robustus , Sabalites tenuifolius , Sabalites szei , and Sabalites changchangensis ( 37 ), and Oligocene sediments, namely, Chuniophoenix slenderifolia , Livistona rotundifolia , and Trachycarpus formosa ( 38 ), based on some morphological features and preserved cuticular structures. In all the aforesaid fossils, the leaf blades are incomplete, the leaf segments are fused, and the preserved petioles are very short.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

No high Tibetan Plateau until the Neogene

et al. 2019

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The Late Paleogene surface height and paleoenvironment for the core area of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) remain critically unresolved. Here, we report the discovery of the youngest well-preserved fossil palm leaves from Tibet. They were recovered from the Late Paleogene (Chattian), ca. 25.5 ± 0.5 million years, paleolake sediments within the Lunpola Basin (32.033°N, 89.767°E), central QTP at a present elevation of 4655 m. The anatomy of palms renders them intrinsically susceptible to freezing, imposing upper bounds on their latitudinal and altitudinal distribution. Combined with model-determined paleoterrestrial lapse rates, this shows that a high plateau cannot have existed in the core of Tibet in the Paleogene. Instead, a deep paleovalley, whose floor was <2.3 km above mean sea level bounded by (>4 km) high mountain systems, formed a topographically highly varied landscape. This finding challenges prevailing views on tectonic processes, monsoon dynamics, and the evolution of Asian biodiversity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

No high Tibetan Plateau until the Neogene

et al. 2019

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“…On the one hand, the Ningming Formation is considered to be Miocene based on fish and bivalve fossils [ 11 ]; on the other hand, it is also considered to be of the Late Eocene to Oligocene based on the palynological assemblages [ 12 ]. Although the Ningming Formation age is hotly debated, previous studies on plant and fish fossils from the same stratum (e.g., Palaeocarya [ 13 , 14 ], Bauhinia [ 15 , 16 ], Cephalotaxus [ 17 ], Cupressus [ 18 ], Calocedrus [ 19 ], Ailanthus [ 20 ], Laurophyllum [ 21 ], Buxus [ 22 ], Chuniophoenix , Livistona [ 23 ], Ecocarpia [ 24 ] and Huashancyprinus [ 25 ]) support the notion that the Ningming Formation belongs to the Oligocene age, which is adopted in this paper.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paliurus Fruits from the Oligocene of South China and Their Phytogeographic Implications

Jia

Sun

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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Paliurus favonii Unger is recognized and described based on fruits from the Oligocene Ningming flora of Guangxi, South China. Characteristics of the present specimens include circular winged fruits that are 10.0–11.5 mm in diameter with a central endocarp at 3.0 to 4.0 mm in diameter. The specimens fall into the morphological range of the fossil species P. favonii, which has been observed in other Cenozoic sites in the Northern Hemisphere. The present discovery represents the lowest latitude distribution of P. favonii in the world, and we are presenting the first P. favonii fossil described with detailed cuticular characteristics from China. Further, this finding demonstrates that the genus existed in the Oligocene Ningming region, South China, and provides new information for understanding the fossil history. The dispersal mode for winged fossils demonstrates that wind dispersal is well-represented in the Oligocene Ningming flora.

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“…Palms have a fossil record extending back to the mid-Cretaceous; however, the fossil record of some common extant palm morphotypes is relatively rare (Read and Hickey, 1972). For example, palm leaves with armed petioles are common among extant taxa (e.g., Licuala, Johannesteijsmannia, Pholidocarpus, and Pritchardiopsisi, and many more) (Dransfield et al, 2008), so it is surprising that there are few such fossil records (e.g., Pan et al, 2006), especially those showing petioles still attached to the leaf blades (Wang et al, 2015) as in the Palmacites specimens described here. Based on our observations of the Bouie River locality fossils, we suggest that palm fossils with armed petioles may be more common than currently thought, as we note that the spines can be easily broken off during the collection of the fossils.…”

Section: Remarks the Fossil Record Of Populus Begins Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary investigation of a diverse megafossil floral assemblage from the middle Miocene of southern Mississippi, USA

McNair

Stults

Axsmith

et al. 2019

Palaeontol Electron

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Our understanding of Miocene floras in eastern North America is hampered by the rarity of megafossil sites. An early report from the middle Miocene Hattiesburg Formation in Mississippi included palms and Ulmus. A later report listed Taxodium, Salix, either Morus or Celtis, and monocot fragments. The floral assemblage described here was recently recovered from along the Bouie River in southern Mississippi. Ferns are represented by complete Salvinia specimens including attached sporocarps, Woodwardia, and Osmunda. Conifers are represented by branchlets of Taxodium. Angiosperms include leaves attributable to the Lauraceae. Platanus is known from leaves, stipules, and fruits. Leaflets of Sambucus are common. Cercis is recognized from leaves with palmate venation and pulvini. Leaves of Quercus sections Lobatae and Quercus have been recovered. The Juglandaceae include fruits of Juglans and two species of Carya. Morus, Populus, and Salix leaves have been recovered. Of particular biogeographical interest is a seed of Sargentodoxa, which is the first record from the southeastern coastal plain of this current Chinese endemic. Monocots include Cyperus and two types of palm, including one with armed petioles. The first vegetative fossils of Lemna from North America have been identified. Because most of the fossils are related to plants still found in the region today, the climate was probably similar to that of the modern central Gulf Coastal Plain. This flora is now one of the most extensively known in the Neogene of southeastern North America and helps to fill a major gap in our understating of Miocene plant evolution.

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Coryphoid palms from the Oligocene of China and their biogeographical implications

Cited by 19 publications

References 24 publications

No high Tibetan Plateau until the Neogene

No high Tibetan Plateau until the Neogene

Paliurus Fruits from the Oligocene of South China and Their Phytogeographic Implications

Preliminary investigation of a diverse megafossil floral assemblage from the middle Miocene of southern Mississippi, USA

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