Corynephage Cog, a Virulent Bacteriophage of Corynebacterium Glutamicum, and its Relationship to  GA1, an Inducible Phage Particle from Brevibacterium Flavum

Sonnen, Hans; Schneider, Jörg; Kutzner, H. J.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-71-8-1629

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Subsequently, it could be shown that this is due to an induction of the CGP3 prophage in C. glutamicum. Upon induction, the CGP3 DNA becomes excised from the genome and exists as a doublestranded DNA phage with cohesive ends, like the majority of other known corynephages (2,22,24,30). Until now, the CGP3 prophage DNA (ϳ187 kbp) was supposed to exist exclusively as a genomic island integrated into the C. glutamicum genome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population Heterogeneity inCorynebacterium glutamicumATCC 13032 Caused by Prophage CGP3

et al. 2008

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The genome of Corynebacterium glutamicum type strain ATCC 13032 (accession number BX927147) contains three prophages, CGP1, CGP2, and CGP3. We recently observed that many genes within the CGP3 prophage region have increased mRNA levels in a dtxR deletion mutant that lacks the master regulator of iron homeostasis (J. Wennerhold and M. Bott, J. Bacteriol. 188:2907-2918, 2006). Here, we provide evidence that this effect is due to the increased induction of the prophage CGP3 in the dtxR mutant, possibly triggered by DNA damage caused by elevated intracellular iron concentrations. Upon induction, the CGP3 prophage region is excised from the genome and forms a circular double-stranded DNA molecule. Using quantitative real-time PCR, an average copy number of about 0.1 per chromosome was determined for circular CGP3 DNA in wild-type C. glutamicum. This copy number increased about 15-fold in the dtxR mutant. In order to visualize the CGP3 DNA within single cells, a derivative of the wild type was constructed that contained an array of tet operators integrated within the CGP3 region and a plasmid-encoded YFP-TetR fusion protein. As expected, one to two fluorescent foci that represented the chromosomally integrated CGP3 prophage were detected in the majority of cells. However, in a small fraction (2 to 4%) of the population, 4 to 10 CGP3 DNA molecules could be observed in a single cell. Interestingly, the presence of many CGP3 copies in a cell often was accompanied by an efflux of chromosomal DNA, indicating the lysis of the corresponding cell. However, evidence for the formation of functional infective CGP3 phage particles could not be obtained.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The isolation of bacteriophages was reported for several C. glutamicum strains, which were previously designated Brevibacterium flavum, but to our knowledge not for the strain ATCC 13032 (22,24,30). Most of the so-far characterized corynephages are temperate phages that have been isolated after UV induction (15,22,24).…”

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confidence: 99%

Population Heterogeneity inCorynebacterium glutamicumATCC 13032 Caused by Prophage CGP3

et al. 2008

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“…Similarly, common modules constitute a source of error in dotblot hybridizations. Morphologically distinct phages with common modules have been found in coryneform bacteria, Pseudomonas, and streptomycetes [5,8,13,46,47,51]. They doubtless occur elsewhere.…”

Section: Partial Genomic Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The species concept and its application to tailed phages

Ackermann

DuBow

Jarvis³

et al. 1992

Archives of Virology

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A recently proposed polythetic definition of virus species appears easily applicable to bacteriophages. Criteria for classification of tailed phages are evaluated. Morphology, DNA homology, and serology are the most important criteria for delineation of species, but no single criterion is satisfactory. Dot-blot hybridization and seroneutralization may suggest false relationships by detecting common sequences in the DNA of otherwise unrelated phages. Species of tailed phages can be defined by a combination of morphology and DNA homology or serology. A procedure for identification of novel phages is outlined. Phage names should include elements of host names.

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“…One of these is from pNG2, a plasmid that is capable of replicating to high copy number in E. coli while maintaining a low copy number in C. diphtheriae (Serwold-Davis et al 1987;Tauch et al 2003). A second origin comes from the well-characterized (Sonnen et al 1990) and fully sequenced (Neŝvera et al 1997) pGA1. In fact, this origin has been shown to be compatible with pNG2 permitting these two plasmids to be maintained in the same C. diphtheriae cell (Bibb et al 2007).…”

Section: The Beginning Of Genetic Engineering and Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Genetic Tools for Research in Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Oram

2013

Corynebacterium Diphtheriae and Related Toxigenic Species

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Research into the molecular mechanisms used by Corynebacterium diphtheriae to cause disease has been aided by a wide variety of innovative, recently developed, molecular, biochemical and genetic tools. Multiple compatible plasmid origins are now available and the methods used to introduce DNA to C. diphtheriae have been both improved and expanded to include conjugation. In the last decade, a technique to perform transposon mutagenesis in C. diphtheriae was developed as well as phage-based vectors that permit introduction of DNA at a known specific chromosomal site. Genetic systems that model C. diphtheriae gene regulation in E. coli have been invaluable tools and in vitro systems to characterize protein binding and to identify genes controlled by the diphtheria toxin repressor are available. Finally the recent expansion of sequencing and bioinformatics has yielded multiple genomic sequences for comparison both to each other and to the genomes of pathogens from other species. The vast expansion of tools available to characterize the pathogenic mechanisms of C. diphtheriae has been a boon to researchers; resulting in the identification of new virulence factors, including pili and a heme oxygenase, in a species that has been studied in laboratories for more than 100 years.

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Corynephage Cog, a Virulent Bacteriophage of Corynebacterium Glutamicum, and its Relationship to GA1, an Inducible Phage Particle from Brevibacterium Flavum

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Population Heterogeneity inCorynebacterium glutamicumATCC 13032 Caused by Prophage CGP3

Population Heterogeneity inCorynebacterium glutamicumATCC 13032 Caused by Prophage CGP3

The species concept and its application to tailed phages

Molecular Genetic Tools for Research in Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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