Coryneform Bacteria in Poultry Deep Litter

Schefferle, Henrietta E.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1966.tb03462.x

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Another interesting observation from the present study was an increased presence of coryneforms in samples of probiotic-treated hens in both cloaca and oviduct. Coryneforms are a group of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria (a common genus being Corynebacterium) that are environmental residents of normal flora often isolated from poultry litter (Schefferle 1966;Chinivasagam et al 2010). Thus, it is often difficult to determine their significance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential for probiotics to prevent reproductive tract lesions in free-range laying hens

Shini

Blackall

2013

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Abstract.A study was undertaken to investigate the ability of two commercial probiotics applied in free-range laying hens (from 18 to 22 weeks of age) in reducing the occurrence of reproductive tract pathologies, and improving hen health and performance. In all, 630 17-week-old brown layers were transferred to a freshly cleaned free-range laying facility, and randomly divided into three groups, with three replicates of 70 birds each. Both probiotics were administered in the drinking water (Groups 1 and 2) on a daily basis for 4 weeks, while Group 3 was left untreated. At 38 weeks of age, the results demonstrated that treatment with either probiotic significantly reduced the occurrence of reproductive tract pathologies (control vs probiotics, 33% vs 22% and 11%; P < 0.01), mortalities (control vs probiotics; 3.8% vs 1.5 and 1.9%; P < 0.01), and increased the performance of hens, for another 20 weeks post-treatments (hen day production for control vs probiotics 75% vs 90% and 94%; P < 0.01). Birds treated with probiotics maintained their bodyweight and egg weights at standard ranges, while untreated birds did not perform at this level. Although we were unable to show any effect on cloacal bacterial colonisation, the results of the present study provided some initial evidence that reproductive pathologies that often cause drops in egg production and sudden deaths of birds, can be reduced if free range hens are treated with a commercial probiotic before or during the onset of lay. The use of a probiotic benefits the health and performance status of hens, resulting in better hen welfare and significant economic gains to egg producers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential for probiotics to prevent reproductive tract lesions in free-range laying hens

Shini

Blackall

2013

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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“…Although the morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics of these strains were determined, their taxonomic position remained uncertain. Several of the isolates of Schefferle (16) were included in a numerical phenetic study by Jones (13) and were found to be related to Arthrobacter and Brevibacterium. However, three of the poultry isolates failed to cluster tightly with any recognized coryneform taxon although they did exhibit a "loose relationship" with Listeria denitrificans (13).…”

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confidence: 99%

Brachybacterium faecium gen. nov., sp. nov., a Coryneform Bacterium from Poultry Deep Litter

Collins

Brown

Jones

1988

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Chemotaxonomic studies were performed on some gram-positive coryneform bacteria of uncertain taxonomic position isolated from poultry deep litter. On the basis of the present chemical and previous phenetic studies, we suggest that these bacteria be classified in a new genus, Brachybacterium, as Brachybacterium faecium gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Brachybacterium faecium is strain NCIB 9860.Schefferle (16) reported the isolation from poultry deep litter of a number of coryneform bacteria capable of degrading uric acid. Although the morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics of these strains were determined, their taxonomic position remained uncertain. Several of the isolates of Schefferle (16) were included in a numerical phenetic study by Jones (13) and were found to be related to Arthrobacter and Brevibacterium. However, three of the poultry isolates failed to cluster tightly with any recognized coryneform taxon although they did exhibit a "loose relationship" with Listeria denitrificans (13). The latter relationship was of particular interest as presently L . denitriJcans is represented by a single strain. Improvements in the classification of coryneform and related bacteria over the past decade have been almost entirely due to the application of chemotaxonomic methods. In particular, murein, nucleic acid, and lipid analyses have provided valuable criteria for distinguishing the major genera and for recognition of many new taxa (14) (see Table 3). Therefore, in this study we determined the chemical characteristics of the deep litter isolates mentioned above in an attempt to resolve their true taxonomic position. Our results indicate that these strains are closely related to each other but are quite distinct from all previously described coryneform taxa and warrant a new taxon, for which the name Brachybacterium faecium gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. MATERIALS AND METHODSCultures and cultivation. For peptidoglycan and lipid studies the test strains (Table 1) were grown in shake cultures (10 g of tryptone, 5 g of yeast extract, 5 g of glucose, and 5 g of NaCl in 1 liter of water, pH 7.2) at 28°C and were harvested in the stationary phase by centrifugation. For deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) work strains were cultivated on agar media and harvested in the late exponential phase.Peptidoglycan analysis. Walls were prepared from ca. 250 mg of dry cells by mechanical disruption with glass beads and were purified as described by Schleifer and Kandler (17). The amino acid compositions of complete wall hydrolysates were determined by using an automatic amino acid analyzer.DNA base composition determination. DNA was purified as described previously (12), and base composition was estimated by thermal denaturation in dilute saline citrate, using Escherichia coli NCDO 1984 as a standard.Analysis of fatty acids. Fatty acids were extracted from dry * Corresponding author.cells (50 mg) by acid methanolysis and were examined by gas-liquid chromatography as described previously (11). Analysis of isopre...

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“…1, in which they formed the most numerous group, 27 % of the total isolates (Table 1). In that processing plant, 642 out of 699 strains (92%) show the same morphological characters as the corynebacteria described by Schefferle (1966), rods which may be very short and which, after 24-48 h, generate coccobacillary forms by fission. These organisms are not pigmented or, if they are, very weakly, and they do not possess oxidase.…”

Section: Table 4 Types Of Flavobacterium Isolated From 3 Processing Pmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…The identification scheme for Gram negative bacteria of Shewan, Hobbs & Hodgkiss (1960~) has also been used. We have also referred to the studies by Barnes (1960), Schefferle (1966), Barnes & Impey (1968). Table 1 illustrates the distribution between categories of the micro-organisms isolated from the 3 processing plants studied, the third plant having been studied twice.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These organisms are not pigmented or, if they are, very weakly, and they do not possess oxidase. Most strains possess urease ( Table 5 ) which allows them, as Schefferle (1966) found in poultry litter, to produce ammonia from urea. The other types, lemon yellow pigmented strains, morphologically typical of corynebacteria, giving positive or negative oxidase tests, were considered to be of little importance.…”

Section: Table 4 Types Of Flavobacterium Isolated From 3 Processing Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study of 5920 Strains of Psychrotrophic Bacteria Isolated from Chickens

Lahellec

Meurier

Bennejean

et al. 1975

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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The psychrotrotrophic flora of chicken carcases in 3 different industrial processing plants has been studied. The micro‐organisms, 5920 strains, were placed in 4 categories (arranged in decreasing order of the number of isolates): (1), Pseudomonas and Achromobacter (Acineto‐bacter); (2) Flavobacterium, Corynebacterium and yeasts; (3), Aeromonas and Entero‐bacteriaceae; (4), lactic acid bacteria, Micrococcaceae and Bacillus. Different types of strains belonging to these groups are described and the importance of each is discussed with reference to the observations of other authors. The proteolytic action of 1717 of the 5920 isolates was studied.

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Coryneform Bacteria in Poultry Deep Litter

Cited by 24 publications

References 41 publications

The potential for probiotics to prevent reproductive tract lesions in free-range laying hens

The potential for probiotics to prevent reproductive tract lesions in free-range laying hens

Brachybacterium faecium gen. nov., sp. nov., a Coryneform Bacterium from Poultry Deep Litter

A Study of 5920 Strains of Psychrotrophic Bacteria Isolated from Chickens

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