Corynebacterium parvum versus BCG adjuvant immunotherapy in human malignant melanoma

Lipton, Allan; Harvey, Harold A.; Lawrence, Bellarmine V.; Gottlieb, Robert J.; Kukrika, Miodrag D.; Dixon, Richard; Graham, William P.; Miller, Stephen J.; Heckard, Robert; Schelzel, Dale; White, Daniel

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19830101)51:1<57::aid-cncr2820510114>3.0.co;2-v

Cited by 53 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The first systematic attempts at harnessing immunotherapy for melanoma involved microbial stimulants such as Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) . Although randomized trials did not demonstrate a benefit to BCG, subsequent analysis did demonstrate improved outcomes for patients who developed an immune response to therapy …”

Section: Part 2: Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current management of advanced melanoma: a transformed landscape

et al. 2014

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The prognosis for patients with stage IV melanoma has historically been extremely poor and there have until recently been no effective treatment options. The last 3 years have seen a seismic shift in the management of these patients with the entry to the clinic of a number of novel agents with proven efficacy. These agents fall into two main classes: molecular-targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Molecular therapies have primarily targeted the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, most notably with oral inhibitors targetting oncogenic BRAF. Immunotherapy agents such as ipilimumab, and more recently antibodies against PD-1 boost the host immune response against the melanoma. It is important for surgeons to be aware of these advances for a number of reasons. Firstly, to be able to inform their patients of the general options available in the event of disease progression. Secondly, these agents are currently being assessed in the adjuvant setting and are likely to demonstrate efficacy for earlier stages of disease. Finally, it is important for surgeons to be able to advocate on their patients' behalf to minimize the lag time between publication of these promising results and the availability of these agents in the clinic. Furthermore, patients with advanced melanoma should be offered participation in clinical trials in order to refine the indications for these agents to maximize their chance of benefit.

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Section: Part 2: Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current management of advanced melanoma: a transformed landscape

et al. 2014

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“…Timing of vaccination in childhood may be critical, prior to imprinting of the immune system, given the lack of therapeutic benefit of BCG and vaccinia vaccination for treatment of melanoma patients later in life [21,22]. Based on the EORTC study, reintroduction of widespread neonatal BCG vaccination is an after surgery [34][35][36][37]. C. parvum never found widespread adoption as a therapeutic agent in melanoma or any other malignancy.…”

Section: A) Bcg and C Parvummentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine Therapy of Melanoma: An Update

Demierre¹,

Swetter²,

Sondak³

2005

CCTR

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Objective: To review recent epidemiologic studies of vaccination and melanoma risk as well as critically discuss the different melanoma vaccines under investigation in multicenter phase III melanoma vaccine trials.Data Sources: A retrospective review of the literature.Study Selection: Studies included those on the risk of melanoma and vaccination, historically relevant data, and ongoing or recently published phase III melanoma vaccine trials. The referenced study designs and methodologies varied.Data extraction and Synthesis: 3 reviewers extracted Data and the main results are presented in a quantitative descriptive manner.Conclusion: Vaccine therapy of melanoma remains promising, given the associated low toxicity. Epidemiologic studies suggest a role for vaccines against certain infectious diseases in melanoma prevention. While results of ongoing phase III melanoma vaccines trials may open new avenues for disease prevention, a better understanding of immune responses to melanoma vaccines will be necessary.

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“…Studies of C. parvum versus observation [74] and placebo [75] have failed to demonstrate any benefit. When compared with BCG therapy, however, two studies, [76,77] have shown C. parvum therapy to confer a statistically significant survival advantage, although these studies did not have a placebo arm. Although a benefit of BCG and C. parvum single-agent therapy over and above observation alone has not been definitively demonstrated, BCG continues to play a significant role as a control arm, as well as an immune adjuvant in combination with vaccine therapy in ongoing clinical trials.…”

Section: Immunostimulantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current state of treatment for primary cutaneous melanoma

Sabel

Sondak

2004

Clin Exp Med

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The incidence of malignant melanoma has been rising steadily for the last 30 years. Through physician and patient education, surveillance of high-risk individuals, and biopsy of any suspicious lesions, more lesions are being diagnosed earlier, where there is a high cure rate. Unfortunately many patients will still present with thicker lesions or nodal involvement, which carries a significantly worse prognosis. Over the past decade, there have been several changes in the management of primary cutaneous melanoma. These have stemmed from novel surgical approaches, a new understanding of melanoma biology, and randomized clinical trials designed to improve outcome and decrease the morbidity of therapy. This article will review the clinical evidence behind the current treatment recommendations for primary cutaneous melanoma as well as some of the emerging data on innovative immunologic-approaches to melanoma treatment.

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Corynebacterium parvum versus BCG adjuvant immunotherapy in human malignant melanoma

Cited by 53 publications

References 6 publications

Current management of advanced melanoma: a transformed landscape

Current management of advanced melanoma: a transformed landscape

Vaccine Therapy of Melanoma: An Update

Current state of treatment for primary cutaneous melanoma

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