Califi.n& 94710 hSTRACT.-hVeS of Calibraha pawrflwa gave the huranoids corymbl 6-monuacetate [4} and corymbl 17-monoacetate [5], corymbl 17-(2-methylbutyrate) [6], and corymbl 6-acetate-17-(2-methylbutyrate) 181. Other new kauranoids were ent-hurane-7a, 16@,17-triol 191, its 7-acetate [lo], and its 7-acetate-17-(2-methylburyrate) [ll], the corresponding 7-ketcdiol [12]and its 17-acetate 1133. New pimaranes were 15R, 16dihydroxy-cnt-isopimar-8( 14)-en-7-one 1141 and the ring-closed analogues, 14a, 16-oxido-mt-isopimar-7-en-15a-ol [17j and 14a, 16-oxidoart-isopimar-7-ene-6a, 15a-diol [ZO]. The known diterpenes, entkaurane-l6~,17diol, its 17-acetate, ent-hurane-&, 16p,l?-triol (corymbl), and its 6,17-diacetate were also obtained. C . p a w i f i a did not yield any of the ergostanoids that are characteristic of Petunia species, rhus supporting its recent reassignment into a separate genus.In a continuing investigation of plant resistance toward insect herbivores, we have shown that foliage of various Petunia (Solanaceae) species is toxic to certain insects, and that this effect can be related to the presence in the leaves of a large number of steroidal substances which we have termed petuniasterones and petuniolides (1,2). More recently (3), we reported the occurrence in Petunia infita of a set of novel pyridine ringcontaining analogues of these steroids (petunianines) which are also agents that inhibit insect growth and development. While evaluating plants that are closely related to Petunia it was of interest to examine the allied species Calibrachoa pawtfia (=Petunia pawifia) Jess. (Solanaceae), which has the same range in South America as Petunia and is found in Mexico, Cuba, and the United States as far north as New Jersey. The plants of C. pawifia have 2n = 2x = 18 chromosomes, in contrast to all species of Petunia with 2n= 2x= 14 (4), and this genus has recently been distinguished from that of Petunia ( 5 ) .
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONIn the present study, larvae of the lepidopteran Helic-a zeu (=Hehothis zeu Boddie) survived well on fresh stems and leaves of C. pawifia, and it was, therefore, of interest to determine if any steroids similar to those responsible for toxicity in Petunia occurred in Calibraha, and if so, whether differing structure lessened toxicity. No steroidal substances of the Petunia type were isolated from C. pawifia; however, numerous diterpenes were present including several previously undescribed kauranoids and pimaranes. These findings support the conclusion that C. pawifia is correctly assigned in a genus distinct from Petunia.KAuRANES.-Compounds 1-13 belong to the ent-kaurane series. Diol 1 has been isolated previously from Croton and other genera, and its acetate 2 has been prepared (7,8). The 13C-nmr spectra of 1 and 2 (Table 1) were in agreement with shifts reported for kauranoid systems (9,lO) in general, and with values observed for the relevant carbons of abbeokutone acetate (1 1).Compound 3 has the structure ascribed to corymbol isolated from Turbina cwymbosa (12), but the observ...