Cortisol secretion rate in normal infants and children, and various abnormal conditions

Kenny, Frederic M.; Preeyasombat, Chawalit; Hung, Wellington; Spaulding, John S.; Migeon, Claude J.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(65)80478-4

Cited by 37 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…2, 4, 5 and 6. When corrected for body surface area., values (table III) were well below the levels characteristic of normal subjects (4 months to 20 years of age) who have a mean and standard deviation of 12.1 ±2.9 mg/m 2 /24 h [15]. Levels of 17-OHCS in urine were also low, when compared with the mean and standard deviation in 180 normal subjects (3.1 mg/ m 2 /24 h) [20].…”

Section: Steroid Studiesmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Syndrome of Congenital Adrenocortical Unresponsiveness to ACTH. Report of Six Cases

et al. 1968

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Six patients with the syndrome of congenital adrenocortical unresponsiveness to ACTH are reported. This syndrome is characterized by feeding problems early in life, hypoglycemic episodes and hyperpigmentation of the skin (table I). Blood pressure and levels of electrolytes in serum were normal (table II). PPD and histoplasmin skin tests were negative, while antibodies to adrenal, thyroid, and gastric tissues were undetectable. Urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and cortisol production rates were low and did not respond to administration of ACTH (table III). While receiving a low sodium diet, the patients were able to conserve sodium (figs. 2, 3 and 4) and to increase the rate of aldosterone secretion (tables IV and V).In one case, adrenal pathology showed a normal zona glomerulosa with atrophy of the zonae fasciculata and reticularis.This isolated deficiency in cortisol secretion is not due to a defect in pituitary function or a deficiency of one of the enzymes directly involved in steroid biosynthesis. The most probable pathogenesis is an abnormality at the site (or one of the sites) of ACTH action on cortisol biosynthesis. Speculation

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Section: Steroid Studiesmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Syndrome of Congenital Adrenocortical Unresponsiveness to ACTH. Report of Six Cases

et al. 1968

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“…As with the cardiovascular measures discussed earlier, it is likely that responsivity of the HPA axis interacts with environmental context and individual differences in stimulus and response expectancies in predicting subsequent problem behavior [157]. Turning to basal cortisol levels, increases in basal salivary cortisol have been reported with increases in pubertal status [287] and with increasing age across age spans from 4 to 14 years [188] or from 10 to 18 years [585]; increases in cortisol production have likewise been reported across this age range [285]. These findings, however, are tempered by other data reporting no notable age differences in cortisol levels among children and adolescents ( [291]; see Ref.…”

Section: Hormonal Response To Stressors In Adolescencementioning

confidence: 99%

The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations

Spear

2000

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

4,688

110

4,301

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To successfully negotiate the developmental transition between youth and adulthood, adolescents must maneuver this often stressful period while acquiring skills necessary for independence. Certain behavioral features, including age-related increases in social behavior and risk-taking/novelty-seeking, are common among adolescents of diverse mammalian species and may aid in this process. Reduced positive incentive values from stimuli may lead adolescents to pursue new appetitive reinforcers through drug use and other risk-taking behaviors, with their relative insensitivity to drugs supporting comparatively greater per occasion use. Pubertal increases in gonadal hormones are a hallmark of adolescence, although there is little evidence for a simple association of these hormones with behavioral change during adolescence. Prominent developmental transformations are seen in prefrontal cortex and limbic brain regions of adolescents across a variety of species, alterations that include an apparent shift in the balance between mesocortical and mesolimbic dopamine systems. Developmental changes in these stressor-sensitive regions, which are critical for attributing incentive salience to drugs and other stimuli, likely contribute to the unique characteristics of adolescence. ᭧

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“…To try and reduce this, we excluded studies specifically designed with respiratory function as the outcome [12][13][14][15][16]. The hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis of children is different from that of adults and develops across childhood and puberty [36]. Including the outcomes of children would further increase heterogeneity if assimilated with adult studies, and therefore data from children were also excluded for this analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corticosteroid Treatment in Critically Ill Patients

Lee¹,

Ryu²

2017

J Neurocrit Care

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Background: Multiple corticosteroids and treatment regimens have been used as adjuncts in the treatment of septic shock. Qualitative and quantitative differences exist at cellular and tissular levels between the different drugs and their patterns of delivery. The objective of this study was to elucidate any differences between the drugs and their treatment regimens regarding outcomes for corticosteroid use in adult patients with septic shock. Methods: Network meta-analysis of the data used for the recently conducted Cochrane review was performed. Studies that included children and were designed to assess respiratory function in pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, as well as cross-over studies, were excluded. Network plots were created for each outcome, and all analyses were conducted using a frequentist approach assuming a random-effects model. Results: Complete data from 22 studies and partial data from 1 study were included. Network meta-analysis provided no clear evidence that any intervention or treatment regimen is better than any other across the spectrum of outcomes. There was strong evidence of differential efficacy in only one area: shock reversal. Hydrocortisone boluses and infusions were more likely than methylprednisolone boluses and placebo to result in shock reversal. Conclusions: There was no clear evidence that any one corticosteroid drug or treatment regimen is more likely to be effective in reducing mortality or reducing the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding or superinfection in septic shock. Hydrocortisone delivered as a bolus or as an infusion was more likely than placebo and methylprednisolone to result in shock reversal.

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Cortisol secretion rate in normal infants and children, and various abnormal conditions

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

The Syndrome of Congenital Adrenocortical Unresponsiveness to ACTH. Report of Six Cases

The Syndrome of Congenital Adrenocortical Unresponsiveness to ACTH. Report of Six Cases

The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations

Corticosteroid Treatment in Critically Ill Patients

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