Cortisol Response To Interpersonal Stress in Young Adults With Borderline Personality Disorder: A Pilot Study

Walter, Marc; Bureau, Jean‐François; Holmes, Bjarne; Bertha, Eszter; Hollander, Michael; Wheelis, Joan; Brooks, Nancy Hall; Lyons‐Ruth, Karlen

doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.12.003

Cited by 62 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Patients with BPD suffer from affective instability, interpersonal instability, and impulsivity [8,9]. Affects such as anger and hostility and self-destructive behavior, as well as elevated stress and negative mood states, have been found [10,11,12]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Identity Diffusion, Axis II Disorder, and Psychopathology in Inpatients with Borderline Personality Disorder

et al. 2011

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Background: Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) suffer from instability in their relationships, their affectivity, and their identity. However, the associations between these dimensions are not clear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relation between identity diffusion and psychopathology in BPD. Methods: In the second week of inpatient treatment, 52 patients with BPD were assessed with the Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO) and questionnaires measuring general psychiatric symptoms, mood states, and negative affects (SCL-90-R, BDI, STAI, and STAXI). A median split was examined to differentiate BPD patients with high identity diffusion from those with low identity diffusion. Results: BPD patients with high identity diffusion did not differ in their social data from BPD patients with low identity diffusion. However, BPD patients with high identity diffusion showed significantly higher levels of psychiatric symptoms, as well as higher anxiety, anger, and depression scores (p < 0.01). Moreover, they suffered more frequently from concurrent personality disorders (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings indicate an association of identity diffusion with psychopathological symptoms and features of personality disorder and emphasize the clinical significance of identity diffusion for patients with BPD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Identity Diffusion, Axis II Disorder, and Psychopathology in Inpatients with Borderline Personality Disorder

et al. 2011

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“…A CDR elevation was previously found also in drug-free depressed patients [13] and, possibly, our study might have been underpowered for providing an answer to this question, since only 6 BPD subjects displayed CDI scores ≥20 without showing overt differences with respect to DHEA-S or the CDR. However, since perceived stress in healthy young males has been shown to correlate positively with DHEA-S and negatively with the CDR [36], our results might indeed reflect a trait marker of an altered stress response that clinically and biologically characterizes BPD [10]. Notably, DHEA-S levels were also found to be higher in children with antisocial behaviour [37], a condition showing some overlap with BPD [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Plasma DHEA-S and cortisol were assessed as well (both at 8.00 a.m.) and correlated with DBI, since the former is both the sulphate ester of a neurosteroid synthesized downstream of DBI-mediated PBR activation and able to antagonize the effects of the latter, classically involved in the stress response that is altered in BPD [10]. Furthermore, morning DHEA-S salivary levels were previously shown increased in adult BPD [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diazepam Binding Inhibitor and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate Plasma Levels in Borderline Personality Disorder Adolescents

Conti

Nacinovich²,

Bomba³

et al. 2013

Neuropsychobiology

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Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients display a complex and heterogeneous clinical phenotype that plausibly implies variable underlying pathogenic mechanisms. A dysregulation of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors has previously been shown in BPD peripheral tissues, implying possible alterations of its ligand, the diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) or of the downstream products of its activation, i.e. neuroactive steroids. Methods: The aim of this work consisted in assessing, by ELISA, fasting plasma levels of DBI and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S), including cortisol and the cortisol-to-DHEA-S molar ratio (CDR), in 17 BPD adolescents versus 13 healthy controls, testing the possibility that clinical scales related to depressive or anxious traits (CDI, STAI-Y) or to disease severity (BPDCL) might be associated with a selective dysregulation of these parameters. Results: DBI plasma levels were unchanged, while DHEA-S ones were significantly increased (approx. 70%) and the CDR decreased in BPD patients. No meaningful correlations with clinical variables emerged. Conclusion: Our results indicate that a dysfunction of the neurosteroid system might be operative in BPD in spite of unchanged DBI plasma levels and that DHEA-S might represent a generalized trait marker for the altered stress response that is associated with this disorder.

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“…Enhanced salivary cortisol levels [57] and significantly reduced cortisol responses to experimentally induced (social) stress have been found in BPD patients [58]. Furthermore, a delayed cortisol response to laboratory-induced conflicts with their mothers was reported in BPD patients [59]. Beside genetic factors, traumatic childhood experiences induce a cascade of physiological and neuroendocrine responses and a sensitization of stress-responsive neural circuits which are, however, rather common mechanisms in a number of psychiatric disorders than specific of the etiology of BPD [for a review, see [60].…”

Section: Neurochemistry Underlying Affective Dysregulation Impulsivimentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Dysfunctioning and Brain in Borderline Personality Disorder

Herpertz

Jeung²,

Mancke³

et al. 2014

Psychopathology

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Interpersonal dysfunction is the most prominent and best discriminating characteristic in individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Data from experimental psychopathology point to emotional lability, (auto-)aggression, threat hypersensitivity, poor chance of interpersonal repair, frequent misunderstandings and self/other diffusion as the most significant factors which contribute to the interpersonal derailments typical of BPD. Neuroscientific methods are suitable to elucidate the mechanisms which mediate deficient social functioning in BPD, i.e. affective dysregulation, impulsivity/disinhibition and poor social cognition as well as their neurobiological correlates. Low prefrontoamygdalar coupling together with low activity in inhibiting prefrontal areas, high activity in the mirror neuron system, low activity in the mentalizing circuit, and low anterior insular activity in case of social norm violations are the most significant functional neuroimaging findings that have been reported from individuals with BPD, up to now. In addition, peculiarities of facial emotion processing have been detected by means of psychophysiological methodology in BPD patients. Data have led to preliminary models of social dysfunctioning in BPD that have to be experimentally tested in the future, evolving neuroscience into an important tool to better understand what distresses patients with BPD when communicating with others.

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Cortisol Response To Interpersonal Stress in Young Adults With Borderline Personality Disorder: A Pilot Study

Cited by 62 publications

References 29 publications

Associations between Identity Diffusion, Axis II Disorder, and Psychopathology in Inpatients with Borderline Personality Disorder

Associations between Identity Diffusion, Axis II Disorder, and Psychopathology in Inpatients with Borderline Personality Disorder

Diazepam Binding Inhibitor and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate Plasma Levels in Borderline Personality Disorder Adolescents

Social Dysfunctioning and Brain in Borderline Personality Disorder

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