Cortisol release, heart rate and heart rate variability in the horse and its rider: Different responses to training and performance

Lewinski, Mareike von; Biau, Sophie; Erber, R.; Ille, Natascha; Aurich, Jörg; Faure, Jean-Michel; Möstl, Erich; Aurich, Christine

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.12.025

Cited by 106 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…za wygląd lub zachowanie się koni można uwiarygodnić dopiero po stwierdzeniu ich wzajemnego skorelowania (15). Wydaje się, że parametrem, z którym warto korelować cechy oceniane na podstawie obserwacji, jest kortyzol, czyli hormon powszechnie uważany za dobry wyznacznik psychicznego i wysiłkowego komponentu Ocena wizualno-behawioralna a stężenie kortyzolu i współczynniki wyścigowe koni arabskich czystej krwi stresu (10). W przypadku koni wyścigowych niemożli-we jest rozdzielenie tych dwóch komponentów, o czym świadczy utrzymywanie tych zwierząt w warunkach niezgodnych z biologią gatunku i olbrzymie obciążenia wysiłkowo-startowe (6).…”

Section: Praca Oryginalnaunclassified

Visual and behavioral assessment versus cortisol level and racing performance in Purebred Arabian horses

Janczarek¹,

Kędzierski²,

Wilk³

et al. 2018

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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SummaryThis paper analyses the hypothesis that there is a link between the psychophysical traits of horses trained for racing and the level of cortisol in the saliva and performance results in competitions. Based on this hypothesis, the objective of the study was to analyse the correlation between the evaluations of the psychosomatic status and the concentration of cortisol and performance parameters in racing horses. The study was carried out with 30 Purebred Arabian horses (15 stallions and 15 mares), aged 34-38 months. On the initial day of the experiment, the horses were kept in the area of the Służewiec Racetrack where they had arrived 3-4 months earlier. The horses were examined once, 2-3 days before the planned start of the first race. The examination was carried out during a daily training session. The visual and behavioural scores for the psychosomatic status of the horse were scaled from 1 to 5 and assigned by a trainer three times. The first assessment took place directly after physical exercise, the second 15 minutes following physical exercise, while the third one was 45 minutes after physical exercise. The following features were included: the manner of perspiration and some organoleptic characteristics of sweat, abdominal movements, gaze, head position and body movements during handling. The saliva for cortisol concentration measurements was sampled three times at time points coinciding with the observation of the psychosomatic status of the horses. The concentration of cortisol was determined with the immune-enzymatic method. In addition, an analysis of the selected performance parameters was conducted. The multivariate analysis of variance for repeated measurements, t-Tukey's test and Spearman's rank correlations were performed. It was demonstrated that the assessment of the psychosomatic status in Purebred Arabian horses may be applied based only on an analysis of some parameters determined directly after physical exercise or during the first minutes of resting (regeneration). These elements mainly include the manner of sweating and various organoleptic features of the sweat. It was also emphasized that non-observable body movements, calming down during handling, and regular abdominal movements are beneficial for stallions.

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Section: Praca Oryginalnaunclassified

Visual and behavioral assessment versus cortisol level and racing performance in Purebred Arabian horses

Janczarek¹,

Kędzierski²,

Wilk³

et al. 2018

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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“…The skill of the rider, and changes affecting that, may indirectly affect the horse too. An example could be the effect of audience, which seems to be bigger to the rider than to the horse, when they both are exposed to the same environment after equal training (Von Lewinski et al, 2013).…”

Section: Practice and Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscular and neuromotor control and learning in the athletic horse

McGowan

Hyytiäinen

2017

CEP

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Athletic performance or the kinematics of locomotion is ultimately the result of the actions of muscles. Muscular actions differ depending on the muscle group involved with anatomical and functional properties depending on the primary roles of the muscle; from stabilisation to powering locomotion. The functional (contractile and metabolic) properties of a muscle are determined by its fibre type or relative fibre type proportions in the muscle. The actions of muscle require the coordination of the nervous system with muscle contraction to produce movement or resist movement to avoid unwanted motion and tissue damage. The coordination of muscular action with the nervous system is termed neuromotor control and it requires precise proprioceptive input from the periphery, processing and input from the central nervous system (including learned or trained movements) and involves timing of muscle recruitment as well as muscle contraction. Training of muscles involves training for strength (or force generation) and stamina with measureable physiological changes with training including increased fibre size, alterations in fibre type, alterations in glycogen concentrations and lactate transport and alterations in mitochondrial and capillary density. As well as standard athletic training, skills training can make the difference in athletic performance and injury prevention in the equine athlete. This involves training of neuromotor control; training motor skills by motor relearning and conditional learning. Practical specific training techniques can be used in injury prevention, rehabilitation post injury and maintenance of the athlete. In this review we will focus on the thoracolumbar and hindlimb areas of the horse and review the importance of muscular control of locomotion, neuromotor control, the physiological effects of training and practical ways to maximise performance potential by specific physiotherapy skills training.

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“…A nervous mood can be transmitted from humans to horses under handling and riding conditions [9]. Voice [10][11][12], posture [13,14], facial expression [15,16], autonomic signals [17][18][19], hormones [20][21][22][23] and pheromones [24] might be used to fruitfully describe and characterize the emotional content [25]. Non-verbal communication between human and horse was also investigated in [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, Keeling et al asserted that the analysis of heart rate is an important tool to investigate horse-human interactions. Again, hormones, heart rate and some standard heart rate variability-related indices were investigated in [20] during both training and performance. Different feature trends were observed between human and horse when they were obtained from ECG (electrocardiographic) recordings related to public or private sessions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Wearable System for the Evaluation of the Human-Horse Interaction: A Preliminary Study

et al. 2016

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Abstract:This study reports on a preliminary estimation of the human-horse interaction through the analysis of the heart rate variability (HRV) in both human and animal by using the dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm. Here, we present a wearable system for HRV monitoring in horses. Specifically, we first present a validation of a wearable electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring system for horses in terms of comfort and robustness, then we introduce a preliminary objective estimation of the human-horse interaction. The performance of the proposed wearable system for horses was compared with a standard system in terms of movement artifact (MA) percentage. Seven healthy horses were monitored without any movement constraints. As a result, the lower amount of MA% of the wearable system suggests that it could be profitably used for reliable measurement of physiological parameters related to the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity in horses, such as the HRV. Human-horse interaction estimation was achieved through the analysis of their HRV time series. Specifically, DTW was applied to estimate dynamic coupling between human and horse in a group of fourteen human subjects and one horse. Moreover, a support vector machine (SVM) classifier was able to recognize the three classes of interaction with an accuracy greater than 78%. Preliminary significant results showed the discrimination of three distinct real human-animal interaction levels. These results open the measurement and characterization of the already empirically-proven relationship between human and horse.

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Cortisol release, heart rate and heart rate variability in the horse and its rider: Different responses to training and performance

Cited by 106 publications

References 19 publications

Visual and behavioral assessment versus cortisol level and racing performance in Purebred Arabian horses

Visual and behavioral assessment versus cortisol level and racing performance in Purebred Arabian horses

Muscular and neuromotor control and learning in the athletic horse

A Wearable System for the Evaluation of the Human-Horse Interaction: A Preliminary Study

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