Cortisol reactivity in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and disruptive behavior problems: The impact of callous unemotional traits

Stadler, Christina; Kroeger, Anne; Weyers, Peter; Grasmann, Doerte; Horschinek, Mira; Freitag, Christine M.; Clement, Hans-Willi

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.05.004

Cited by 92 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Our review has demonstrated that studies of adults who have been maltreated show conflicting results regarding the impact of maltreatment on diurnal secretion of cortisol and that there is a gap in the literature as regards cortisol production in maltreated schoolage children (Hunter et al, 2011). Altered function of the HPA axis has been described in depression (Holsboer, 2001), post-traumatic stress disorder (Yehuda, 2009), ADHD (Freitag et al, 2009;Stadler et al, 2011), conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder (Vanyukov et al, 1993). Studies of children reared in institutions have shown that lack of caregiver sensitivity and positive regard is associated with a general suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and that this can recover if the environment improves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cortisol secretion in children with symptoms of reactive attachment disorder

Kočovská

Wilson

Young

et al. 2013

Psychiatry Research

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Maltreated children with Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) have severe problems with social relationships and affect regulation. An association between early maltreatment and changes in the daily rhythm of cortisol secretion has already been reported for maltreated toddlers. We sought to find out whether such changes were apparent in school-age children with symptoms of RAD, who had experienced early maltreatment but were currently adopted in well functioning families. We recruited 66 children: 34 5-12 year old adopted children with an early history of maltreatment and with social difficulties such as indiscriminate friendliness; and 32 age-and sex-matched comparison children with no history of maltreatment or social difficulties. Daily rhythms of cortisol production were determined from saliva samples collected over two days.The adopted group had significantly lower absolute levels of cortisol compared to the control group, but a typical profile of cortisol secretion. There was no association between cortisol secretion and symptom scores for psychopathology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cortisol secretion in children with symptoms of reactive attachment disorder

Kočovská

Wilson

Young

et al. 2013

Psychiatry Research

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“…As a result, it is not clear how others, and particularly peers, perceive the emotional characteristics of children with CU traits and whether (a) these perceptions are different from how children with CU traits view themselves and (b) these perceptions are different from how peers perceive other children with behavior problems. For example, past research suggests that children with CU traits report being less fearful and anxious than other children with behavior problems (Frick et al 1999;Pardini 2006) and respond physiologically less strongly to fearful stimuli (Stadler et al 2011) but it is not clear if their peers perceive them as being more fearless. Further, children with behavior problems with normative levels of CU traits report being more angry (Sadeh et al 2009) and show more angry reactivity to provocation from others (Muñoz et al 2008a) but, again, it is not clear if they are perceived by their peers as being more angry than other children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emotional Correlates to Callous–Unemotional Traits in Children

et al. 2014

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The aim of this study was to investigate several emotional characteristics and their associations with callousunemotional (CU) traits in a large non-referred sample of Italian middle school children in 6th and 8th grades (n = 540; M = 12 years and 7 months, SD = 1 year and 3 months). These associations were tested controlling for school behavior problems and testing for the potential moderating role of sex and grade level. The results indicated that CU traits, but not school behavior problems, were negatively associated with problems in both emotional and cognitive empathy. Further, peer ratings of emotionality indicated that, contrary to findings from past research using a child's self-report of emotions, peers perceive lower levels of fear in students with higher levels of behavior problems but not in those with higher levels of CU traits. Peer ratings of anger were associated with both CU traits and school behavior problems. Further, students with higher levels of CU traits self-reported poorer skills in recognizing their own and others emotions and poorer skills in regulating their emotions. However, in this sample of middle school students, CU traits were not strongly related to problems in accurate identification of facial emotions and the few associations that were found (i.e., reduced accuracy in identifying happy and fear faces) were only found for children in the 6th grade. These findings have important implications for understanding how children with scholastic behavior problems may be different in their emotional deficits depending on the presence of elevated levels of CU traits.

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“…Additionally, CU traits were negatively related to skin conductance reactivity when responding to peer provocation in a sample of detained adolescent boys [136]. Finally, children with CU traits have shown blunted cortisol reactivity to experimentally induced stress [137].…”

Section: Other Biological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Development of Psychopathy from Childhood

Uytun¹

2017

Psychopathy - New Updates on an Old Phenomenon

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Serious conduct problems are a serious mental health and public policy concern. Such conduct problems are highly related to criminal behavior and are associated with a host of other social, emotional, and academic problems. In addition, serious conduct problems in childhood predict later impairments in the domains of mental health, legal, educational, social, occupational, and physical health. In the past two decades, a signiicant body of research has emerged reining how the key features associated with psychopathy may be expressed in children and adolescents. These researches have focused largely on the presence of callous-unemotional traits, which correspond closely to the afective dimension of psychopathy-core to the construct in adult samples. Several reviews have focused on important theoretical questions related to how best to identify psychopathy in children and adolescents but do not directly address their importance for understanding, classifying, and treating youths with severe conduct problems. So, in the forefront of these studies, I aimed to review the development of psychopathy from childhood. In this chapter, topics related to psychopathy, such as diagnosis and nosology, epidemiologic studies, etiologic factors, assessment, diagnostic interviews, comorbid disorders and longitudinal outcome, treatment modalities, and treatment outcome in samples of children and adolescents, were included.

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Cortisol reactivity in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and disruptive behavior problems: The impact of callous unemotional traits

Cited by 92 publications

References 44 publications

Cortisol secretion in children with symptoms of reactive attachment disorder

Cortisol secretion in children with symptoms of reactive attachment disorder

The Emotional Correlates to Callous–Unemotional Traits in Children

Development of Psychopathy from Childhood

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