Cortisol in Mood Disorders

Young, Allan H.

doi:10.1080/10253890500069189

Cited by 93 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis of hormonal system is known to participate in stress responses and modulation of mood (Young, 2004). External stresses increase the level of glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol), and these stress hormones are often elevated in depressed patients.…”

Section: Vegf For Affective Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Adult Neurogenesis and Angiogenesis and Altered Affective Behaviors in Mice Overexpressing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor 120

Udo¹,

Yoshida²,

Kino³

et al. 2008

J. Neurosci.

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Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is implicated as a molecular mediator for adult neurogenesis and behavioral effects of antidepressant drugs. However, these potential roles of VEGF in the CNS have not been clarified in model animals. Here we have created transgenic mice overexpressing a short active variant of VEGF-A (VEGF120) in forebrain. Expression of VEGF120 significantly enhanced cell proliferation and angiogenesis, as exemplified by the formation of an enlarged reddish brain. Adult neurogenesis in hippocampus was markedly stimulated without affecting cell differentiation of neural progenitor cells. Hippocampal neurogenesis was particularly robust in young adult animals, but it declined with age and reduced to control levels by 20 weeks under continuous expression of VEGF120. Thus, VEGF alone is not sufficient to support the long-term enhancement of adult neurogenesis, and VEGF-induced vascularization per se does not necessarily predict increased neurogenesis. In transgenic mice, we observed significant changes in affective behaviors. VEGF was found to have not only antidepressant effects but also anxiolytic effects. In addition, we found that VEGF significantly reduced fear and aggression. In contrast, basal activities under natural conditions were not affected much. Unexpectedly, these characteristic behaviors were maintained in older transgenic mice undergoing a reduced level of cell proliferation in hippocampus, suggesting that there is potential dissociation between adult neurogenesis and mood regulation. Our data indicate that VEGF exerts strong neurogenic and angiogenic effects in postnatal brain and influences different forms of affective behaviors.

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Section: Vegf For Affective Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Adult Neurogenesis and Angiogenesis and Altered Affective Behaviors in Mice Overexpressing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor 120

Udo¹,

Yoshida²,

Kino³

et al. 2008

J. Neurosci.

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show abstract

“…Less is known, however, about how information processing influences the activation of the HPA response during a stressful challenge and the regulation of cortisol levels. Importantly, this issue may be fundamental in understanding depression, in that the HPA axis is dysregulated at a number of levels in this disorder (Holsboer, 1995;Young, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic emotional information processing and the cortisol response to acute psychosocial stress

Ellenbogen

Carson

Pishva

2010

Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience

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“…The differences between T2DM patients and controls for the homozygous ε4 [81,82], mood [83] and neuroprotection [84]. The HPA axis helps to maintain a sustained stress response if the brain continues to sense that a threat, such as an infection, is present in the body.…”

Section: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoprotein E Related Co-Morbidities and Alzheimer’s Disease

Singhrao

Harding

Chukkapalli

et al. 2016

JAD

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The primary goal of advancement in clinical services is to provide a health care system that enhances an individual's quality of life. Incidence of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and associated dementia coupled with the advancing age of the population, have led to an increase in the worldwide challenge to the healthcare system. In order to overcome these challenges prior knowledge of common, reliable risk factors and their effectors is essential. The oral health constitutes one such relatively unexplored but indispensable risk factor for aforementioned co-morbidities, in the form of poor oral hygiene and tooth loss during aging.Behavioural traits such as low education, smoking, poor diet, neglect of oral health, lack of exercise, and hypertension are few of the risk factors that are shared commonly amongst these conditions. In addition, common genetic susceptibility traits such as the apolipoprotein ɛ gene, together with an individual's life style can also influence the development of co-morbidities such as periodontitis, atherosclerosis/stroke, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. This review specifically addresses the susceptibility of apolipoprotein ε gene allele 4 as the plausible commonality for the etiology of co-morbidities that eventually result from periodontal diseases and ultimately progress to dementia.

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Cortisol in Mood Disorders

Cited by 93 publications

References 24 publications

Enhanced Adult Neurogenesis and Angiogenesis and Altered Affective Behaviors in Mice Overexpressing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor 120

Enhanced Adult Neurogenesis and Angiogenesis and Altered Affective Behaviors in Mice Overexpressing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor 120

Automatic emotional information processing and the cortisol response to acute psychosocial stress

Apolipoprotein E Related Co-Morbidities and Alzheimer’s Disease

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