Cortisol, alpha amylase, blood pressure and heart rate responses to food intake in men aged 50–70 years: importance of adiposity

Jayasinghe, Sisitha; Torres, Susan; Nowson, Caryl; Tilbrook, Alan John; Turner, Anne I.

doi:10.1186/s40608-014-0014-4

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…In the present study, there was a substantial elevation of cortisol in response to lunch as indicated by the time effect and the significant increase in cortisol levels from baseline to the peak of the response (27%; both groups combined), despite there being no difference between lower fitness and higher fitness groups in this response. In an earlier experiment (Jayasinghe et al 2014) we observed a significant HPA axis response (salivary cortisol) to food intake in overweight/obese men but no response in lean men. While the percentage increase of cortisol in overweight/obese men (86%) was substantially higher than the percentage increase of cortisol in women (27%; both groups combined), the men's study measured salivary cortisol whereas the current study measured plasma cortisol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Although not considered as direct measures, SBP, DBP, MAP and HR have been used as proxy measures of SAM system activity under different circumstances (de Geus et al 1993;Grassi and Esler 1999;Webb et al 2013). We have also previously shown that food intake can cause significant changes in heart rate and blood pressure (Jayasinghe et al 2014). Participants were allowed a break to use the bathroom immediately after the 1330h blood and blood pressure/heart rate sampling.…”

Section: Day 2 Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Food intake is a physiological challenge experienced by the human body several times per day. We and others have shown that food intake is a challenge that can activate both the sympatho-adrenal medullary (SAM) system (Chang et al 2010;Cozzolino et al 2010;Jayasinghe et al 2014;Kawaguchi et al 2002;Sauder et al 2012;Tentolouris et al 2003) and the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis (Gibson et al 1999;Jayasinghe et al 2014;Martens et al 2010;Vicennati et al 2002). Hyperactivity of these pathways is associated with the development of numerous chronic diseases (Carroll et al 2008;Chida and Hamer 2008;Hamer and Steptoe 2011).…”

Section: R a F T D R A F T Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physical fitness status (Rimmele et al 2009) and adiposity (Epel et al 2000) are physiological conditions that can alter the activity of the stress pathways. Available evidence suggests that increased adiposity can be associated with higher HPA axis activity in response to food intake (Jayasinghe et al 2014;Vicennati et al 2002).…”

Section: R a F T D R A F T Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cortisol, blood pressure, and heart rate responses to food intake were independent of physical fitness levels in women

Jayasinghe

Torres

Turner

2015

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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This research tested the hypothesis that women who had higher levels of physical fitness will have lower hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (cortisol) and sympatho-adrenal medullary system (blood pressure and heart rate) responses to food intake compared with women who had low levels of physical fitness. Lower fitness (n = 22; maximal oxygen consumption = 27.4 ± 1.0 mL∙kg(-1)·min(-1)) and higher fitness (n = 22; maximal oxygen consumption = 41.9 ± 1.6 mL∙kg(-1)·min(-1)) women (aged 30-50 years; in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle) who participated in levels of physical activity that met (lower fitness = 2.7 ± 0.5 h/week) or considerably exceeded (higher fitness = 7.1 ± 1.4 h/week) physical activity guidelines made their own lunch using standardised ingredients at 1200 h. Concentrations of cortisol were measured in blood samples collected every 15 min from 1145-1400 h. Blood pressures and heart rate were also measured every 15 min between 1145 h and 1400 h. The meal consumed by the participants consisted of 20% protein, 61% carbohydrates, and 19% fat. There was a significant overall response to lunch in all of the parameters measured (time effect for all, p < 0.01). The cortisol response to lunch was not significantly different between the groups (time × treatment, p = 0.882). Overall, both groups showed the same pattern of cortisol secretion (treatment p = 0.839). Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, or heart rate responses (time × treatment, p = 0.726, 0.898, 0.713, and 0.620, respectively) were also similar between higher and lower fitness women. Results suggest that the physiological response to food intake in women is quite resistant to modification by elevated physical fitness levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Day 2 Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: R a F T D R A F T Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: R a F T D R A F T Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cortisol, blood pressure, and heart rate responses to food intake were independent of physical fitness levels in women

Jayasinghe

Torres

Turner

2015

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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“…Due to their effects on both cortisol and α-amylase levels [Hibel et al, 2006;Jayasinghe et al, 2014], food, medication, and time of day were used as control variables in the calculation of AUC-i scores used for hypothesis testing. Inhibitory effects of food and medications were coded as -1 and excitatory effects were coded as +1, with no expected effect coded as 0; expected effects were based on prior literature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms Linking Interparental Aggression to Child Dental Caries

et al. 2017

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Research has garnered support for a systemic view of factors affecting child dental caries that accounts for the influence of social factors such as the family environment. Our previous work has demonstrated the association between mother-to-father emotional aggression and child caries. The present study builds on these results by evaluating pathways that might explain this relation. Families (n = 135) completed a multimethod assessment of mother-to-father emotional aggression, child caries, and several hypothesized mediators (i.e., child cariogenic snack and drink intake, child internalizing behaviors, child salivary cortisol and α-amylase reactivity, parental laxness, child oral hygiene maintenance, and parental socialization of child oral hygiene maintenance). Mediation analyses partially supported the role of the child's diet as a mechanism linking mother-to-father emotional aggression and child caries. However, children's neglect of oral hygiene, parental laxness, and child emotional and biological disturbances failed to stand as conduits for this association. Future investigations should expand upon these results to better establish the causal links that could only be suggested by the present cross-sectional findings.

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Is high salt intake inducing obesity via production of cortisol? A novel working hypothesis and pilot study

Nowell,

Torres,

Hall

et al. 2024

Eur J Nutr

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Purpose Evidence is growing that high salt intake is an independent risk factor for obesity, but the mechanisms are unknown. Our novel working hypothesis is that high salt intake drives cortisol production, which in turn, drives obesity. The current study aimed to demonstrate an acute cortisol response following a single high salt meal. Methods Eight participants (age 30.5 ± 9.8 years [mean ± SD], 50% female), consumed high salt (3.82 g; 1529 mg sodium) and low salt (0.02 g; 9 mg sodium) meals in a randomized cross-over design. Results Urinary and salivary cortisol and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) demonstrated order effects. When high salt was given second, there was a peak above baseline for urinary cortisol (26.3%), salivary cortisol (9.4%) and plasma ACTH (4.1%) followed by a significant decline in each hormone (treatment*time, F[9, 18] = 2.641, p = 0.038, partial η2 = 0.569; treatment*time, F[12, 24] = 2.668, p = 0.020, partial η2 = 0.572; treatment*time, F[12, 24] = 2.580, p = 0.023, partial η2 = 0.563, respectively), but not when high salt was given first (p > 0.05 for all). Conclusion These intriguing findings provide partial support for our hypothesis and support a need for further research to elucidate the role of high salt intake in cortisol production and, in turn, in the aetiology of obesity. Trial registration number ACTRN12623000490673; date of registration 12/05/2023; retrospectively registered.

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Cortisol, alpha amylase, blood pressure and heart rate responses to food intake in men aged 50–70 years: importance of adiposity

Cited by 8 publications

References 40 publications

Cortisol, blood pressure, and heart rate responses to food intake were independent of physical fitness levels in women

Cortisol, blood pressure, and heart rate responses to food intake were independent of physical fitness levels in women

Mechanisms Linking Interparental Aggression to Child Dental Caries

Is high salt intake inducing obesity via production of cortisol? A novel working hypothesis and pilot study

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