Corticotropin‐Releasing Factor Type‐1 Receptor mRNA is Not Induced in Mouse Hypothalamus By Either Stress or Osmotic Stimulation

Imaki, Toshihiro; Katsumata, Harumi; Konishi, Shunichiro; Kasagi, Yoko; Minami, Shiro

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.2003.01071.x

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Previously, using CRH deficient (CRH KO) and wild type (WT) mice, we reported that WT mice showed an increase in CRH mRNA in the hypothalamus following a 2-h restraint stress, but failed to show an elevation in hypothalamic CRH-R1 mRNA (Makino et al, 2005), consistent with results from others (Imaki et al, 2003). In rats, it has been demonstrated that both CRH and CRH-R1 mRNA in the hypothalamus are up-regulated by various types of stressors (Makino et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In rats, it has been demonstrated that both CRH and CRH-R1 mRNA in the hypothalamus are up-regulated by various types of stressors (Makino et al, 1995). Central administration of CRH increased CRH-R1 mRNA in the hypothalamus, and the effect of CRH was blocked by alpha-helical CRH (Imaki et al, 2003). Direct infusion of CRH into the dorsal PVN was also shown to induce CRH-R1 mRNA in CRH-positive neurons in the parvocellular part of the PVN (Imaki et al, 2003), suggesting that CRH increases the amplitude of its own response to stress by increasing the number of CRH-R1 receptors in the hypothalamus of rats (Ono et al, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of social isolation on mRNA expression for corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptors in prairie voles

Pournajafi-Nazarloo

Partoo

Yee

et al. 2011

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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SummaryPrevious studies have demonstrated that various type of stressors modulate messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for type 1 corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptor (CRH-R1 mRNA) and type 2 CRH receptor (CRH-R2 mRNA). The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of social isolation stress of varying durations on the CRH, CRH-R1 and CRH-R2 mRNAs expression in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and pituitary of socially monogamous female and male prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Isolation for 1 hr (single isolation) or 1 hr of isolation every day for 4 weeks (repeated isolation) was followed by a significant increase in plasma corticosterone levels. Single or repeated isolation increased hypothalamic CRH mRNA expression, but no changes in CRH-R1 mRNA in the hypothalamus were observed. Continuous isolation for 4 weeks (chronic isolation) showed no effect on hypothalamic CRH or CRH-R1 mRNAs in female or male animals. However, hypothalamic CRH-R2 mRNA was significantly reduced in voles exposed to chronic isolation. Single or repeated isolation, but not chronic isolation, significantly increased CRH-R1 mRNA and decreased CRH-R2 mRNA in the pituitary. Despite elevated CRH mRNA expression, CRH-R1 and CRH-R2 mRNAs were not modulated in the hippocampus following single or repeated isolation. Although, chronic isolation did not affect hippocampal CRH or CRH-R1 mRNAs, it did increase CRH-R2 mRNA expression in females and males. The results of the present study in prairie voles suggest that social isolation has receptor subtype and species-specific consequences for the modulation of gene expression for CRH and its receptors in brain and pituitary. Previous studies have revealed a female-biased increase in oxytocin in response to chronic isolation; however, we did not find a sex difference in CRH or its receptors following single, repeated or chronic social isolation, suggesting that sexually-dimorphic processes beyond the CRH system, possibly involving vasopressin, might explain this difference.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of social isolation on mRNA expression for corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptors in prairie voles

Pournajafi-Nazarloo

Partoo

Yee

et al. 2011

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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“…The specificity for antibodies against CRF‐R1, 5‐HT or c‐Fos has been described elsewhere (Imaki et al. , 2003; Hayashi et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurons expressing relaxin 3/INSL 7 in the nucleus incertus respond to stress

Tanaka

Iijima

Miyamoto

et al. 2005

Eur J of Neuroscience

222

424

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Relaxin 3/INSL 7 has recently been identified as a new member of the insulin/relaxin superfamily. Although it was reported to be dominantly expressed in the brain, its detailed distribution and function in the central nervous system are still obscure. In the present study we demonstrated that in the rat relaxin 3 was mainly expressed in neurons of the nucleus incertus (NI) of the median dorsal tegmental pons. Other relaxin 3-expressing neurons were scattered in the pontine raphe nucleus, the periaqueductal gray and dorsal area to the substantia nigra in the midbrain reticular formation. Relaxin 3-immunoreactive fibers projected particularly densely in the septum, hippocampus, lateral hypothalamus and intergeniculate leaflet of the thalamus. Ultrastructural examination revealed that relaxin 3 was localized in the dense-cored vesicles in the perikarya and was also observed in the synaptic terminals of axons. As almost all relaxin 3-containing neurons express corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) type 1 receptor in the NI, we examined the response of relaxin 3 neurons to intracerebroventricular administration of CRF; 65% of relaxin 3 neurons expressed c-Fos 2 h after intracerebroventricular administration of 1 microg CRF. We then confirmed that c-Fos was induced in 60% of relaxin 3 neurons in the NI and the expression of relaxin 3 mRNA increased significantly in the NI after water-restraint stress. Collectively, these results suggest that relaxin 3 produced in the NI is released from nerve endings and is involved in the regulation of the stress response.

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“…Mice consume alcohol [9, 34, 50], and show increased consumption in response to footshock stress in a strain-dependent manner [31, 32]. Interestingly, there is evidence that rats and mice differ in behavioral and neural responses to stressors [1, 2, 5, 21, 48] and in the neuroanatomical organization of brain areas implicated in stress [1, 2, 5, 21, 48]. We will therefore contrast the effects of the pharmacological stressors yohimbine and FG-7142 on the expression of c-fos and CRF mRNA in the brains of C57 BL/6J mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pharmacological stressors on c-fos and CRF mRNA in mouse brain: Relationship to alcohol seeking

Funk

Coen

et al. 2008

Neuroscience Letters

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A marked heterogeneity exists among stressors in their ability to reinstate alcohol seeking in rats. We have reported that the pharmacological stressor yohimbine, an alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist, potently reinstated alcohol seeking, but FG-7142, a benzodiazepine inverse agonist was ineffective. In rats, we determined that yohimbine elicits patterns of brain expression of the mRNAs for c-fos, a marker of neuronal activation, and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) a stress-related peptide, distinct from that produced by FG-7142. The purpose of the present experiment is to determine if these differential effects of yohimbine and FG-7142 on regional c-fos and CRF mRNA expression generalize to another animal commonly used in alcohol research, the C57 BL/6J mouse. In comparing the results of the present study to those of our previous one, we found a number of commonalities in the patterns of activation elicited by yohimbine and FG-7142 between the two species, and some notable differences. As we found in the rat, yohimbine selectively increased c-fos mRNA in the mouse NACs, BLA and CeA. Yohimbine increased CRF mRNA only in the mouse PVN, but was without effect on CRF mRNA in extrahypothalamic sites, the BNST and CeA. This differs from what we saw in the rat, where yohimbine increased CRF mRNA in these extrahypothalamic regions, but not the PVN. The selective induction of c-fos in the NACs, BLA and CeA of mice and rats by yohimbine offers further support for the idea that activation of these structures participates in reinstatement induced by such stressors.

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Corticotropin‐Releasing Factor Type‐1 Receptor mRNA is Not Induced in Mouse Hypothalamus By Either Stress or Osmotic Stimulation

Cited by 28 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of social isolation on mRNA expression for corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptors in prairie voles

Effects of social isolation on mRNA expression for corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptors in prairie voles

Neurons expressing relaxin 3/INSL 7 in the nucleus incertus respond to stress

Effects of pharmacological stressors on c-fos and CRF mRNA in mouse brain: Relationship to alcohol seeking

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