Corticotropin-releasing factor overexpression in mice abrogates sex differences in body weight, visceral fat, and food intake response to a fast and alters levels of feeding regulatory hormones

Wang, Lixin; Goebel-Stengel, Miriam; Yuan, Pu‐Qing; Stengel, Andreas; Taché, Yvette

doi:10.1186/s13293-016-0122-6

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…Here, upregulated PVN CRH mRNA in response to RRS for both male and female TCRβ−/−δ−/− mice demonstrates another example of loss of sex-differences in Immunocompromised mice. Previous studies exploring CRH overexpressing mice have found corresponding losses of sexual dimorphism (Wang et al, 2017). In addition, forthcoming work in our lab that has identified losses of sexual dimorphism in microglia number in stress-mediating brain regions (Thompson et al, in preparation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Loss of T cells influences sex differences in stress-related gene expression

Rilett¹,

Luo²,

McVey-Neufeld

et al. 2020

Journal of Neuroimmunology

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Deficiencies in the adaptive immune system have been linked to anxiety-like behaviours and stress reactivity. Mice lacking T lymphocytes through knockout of the T cell receptor (TCR) β and δ chains were compared to wild type C57Bl/6 mice. Central stress circuitry gene expression was assessed following repeated restraint stress. TCRβ−/−δ−/− mice showed an increased baseline plasma corticosterone and exaggerated changes in stressrelated gene expression after repeated restraint stress. Sexual dimorphic stress responses were observed in wildtype C57Bl/6 mice but not in TCRβ−/−δ−/− mice. These data suggest that T cell-brain interactions influence sex-differences in CNS stress circuitry and stress reactivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Loss of T cells influences sex differences in stress-related gene expression

Rilett¹,

Luo²,

McVey-Neufeld

et al. 2020

Journal of Neuroimmunology

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“…The observation of the dramatic differences in arcuate nucleus neuropeptide expression between sexes is novel and was initially surprising to us. This has not, as far as we know, been previously investigated or observed in birds and little researched even in mammals [ 41 – 43 ]. In our experiments, both AGRP and NPY expression were significantly higher in males than females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sex differences in basal hypothalamic anorectic and orexigenic gene expression and the effect of quantitative and qualitative food restriction

et al. 2018

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BackgroundResearch into energy balance and growth has infrequently considered genetic sex, yet there is sexual dimorphism for growth across the animal kingdom. We test the hypothesis that in the chicken, there is a sex difference in arcuate nucleus neuropeptide gene expression, since previous research indicates hypothalamic AGRP expression is correlated with growth potential and that males grow faster than females. Because growth has been heavily selected in some chicken lines, food restriction is necessary to improve reproductive performance and welfare, but this increases hunger. Dietary dilution has been proposed to ameliorate this undesirable effect. We aimed to distinguish the effects of gut fullness from nutritional feedback on hypothalamic gene expression and its interaction with sex.MethodsTwelve-week-old male and female fast-growing chickens were either released from restriction and fed ad libitum or a restricted diet plus 15% w/w ispaghula husk, a non-nutritive bulking agent, for 2 days. A control group remained on quantitative restriction. Hypothalamic arcuate nucleus neuropeptides were measured using real-time PCR. To confirm observed sex differences, the experiment was repeated using only ad libitum and restricted fed fast-growing chickens and in a genetically distinct breed of ad libitum fed male and female chickens. Linear mixed models (Genstat 18) were used for statistical analysis with transformation where appropriate.ResultsThere were pronounced sex differences: expression of the orexigenic genes AGRP (P < 0.001) and NPY (P < 0.002) was higher in males of the fast-growing strain. In genetically distinct chickens, males had higher AGRP mRNA (P = 0.002) expression than females, suggesting sex difference was not restricted to a fast-growing strain. AGRP (P < 0.001) expression was significantly decreased in ad libitum fed birds but was high and indistinguishable between birds on a quantitative versus qualitative restricted diet. Inversely, gene expression of the anorectic genes POMC and CART was significantly higher in ad libitum fed birds but no consistent sex differences were observed.ConclusionExpression of orexigenic peptides in the avian hypothalamus are significantly different between sexes. This could be useful starting point of investigating further if AGRP is an indicator of growth potential. Results also demonstrate that gut fill alone does not reduce orexigenic gene expression.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13293-018-0178-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Leptin is reported to increase rapidly on a HFD, then decrease, only to rise again with an increased fat mass . Males had higher leptin levels than females, indicating that this sex difference found in adult mice and rats can also be seen during the peripubertal period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in the peripubertal response to a short‐term, high‐fat diet intake

Freire‐Regatillo

Gómez

Díaz

et al. 2019

J Neuroendocrinology

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Obesity is one of the most important health problems facing developed countries because being overweight is associated with a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer, as well as other comorbidities. Although increased weight gain results from a combination of poor dietary habits and decreased energy expenditure, not all individuals have equal propensities to gain weight or to develop secondary complications of obesity. This is partially a result not only of genetics, including sex, but also the time during which an individual is exposed to an obesogenic environment. In the present study, we have compared the response of male and female mice to short‐term exposure to a high‐fat diet (HFD) or a low‐fat diet during the peripubertal period (starting at 42 days of age) because this is a stage of dramatic hormonal and metabolic modifications. After 1 week on a HFD, there was no significant increase in body weight, although females significantly increased their energy intake. Serum leptin levels increased in both sexes, even though no change in fat mass was detected. Glyceamia and homeostasis model assessment increased in males, suggesting a rapid change in glucose metabolism. Hypothalamic pro‐opiomelanocortin mRNA levels were significantly higher in females on a HFD compared to all other groups, which may be an attempt to reduce their increased energy intake. Hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis have been implicated in the development of secondary complications of obesity; however, no indication of activation of inflammatory processes or gliosis was found in response to 1 week of HFD in the hypothalamus, hippocampus or cerebellum of these young mice. These results indicate that there are both sex and age effects in the response to poor dietary intake because peripubertal male and female mice respond differently to short‐term dietary changes and this response is different from that reported in adult rodents.

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Corticotropin-releasing factor overexpression in mice abrogates sex differences in body weight, visceral fat, and food intake response to a fast and alters levels of feeding regulatory hormones

Cited by 16 publications

References 78 publications

Loss of T cells influences sex differences in stress-related gene expression

Loss of T cells influences sex differences in stress-related gene expression

Sex differences in basal hypothalamic anorectic and orexigenic gene expression and the effect of quantitative and qualitative food restriction

Sex differences in the peripubertal response to a short‐term, high‐fat diet intake

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