Corticosteroids usage and central serous chorioretinopathy: a meta-analysis

Central serous chorioretinopathy secondary to subtenon triamcinolone injection: A new hypothesis for the mechanism

“…Corticosteroids are a potent risk factor for the development of CSC. 1 It is therefore surprising that CSC has rarely been described following injection of subtenon triamcinolone. A systematic literature review was performed in March 2020 using the databases PubMed and EMBASE with the search terms "(central serous chorioretinopathy) and (corticosteroid* OR triamcinolone)".…”

“…While the exact pathogenesis of CSC is uncertain, it is believed that corticosteroids modify ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors stimulating an adrenergic response, reducing nitric oxide synthesis to cause choroidal vessel spasm, damage and altered permeability and perfusion. 1 Corticosteroids may also damage retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) by inhibiting extracellular matrix components and decreasing fibroblastic activity. 3 In our case report, the presence of dilated choroidal pachyvessels on EDI-OCT may suggest an alternative pathogenesis for CSC.…”

“…Gnathostoma is a parasitic nematode and is endemic in southeast Asia where it is most commonly acquired through consumption of raw fish originating from brackish water. 1,2 It is increasingly recognized in returning travellers; however, locally acquired infection is rarely reported in Australia. 3 Gnathostoma larvae migrate through the gastric wall, can survive for 10 to 12 years in human hosts and usually manifest as recurrent migratory swellings under the skin.…”

“…3 Gnathostoma larvae migrate through the gastric wall, can survive for 10 to 12 years in human hosts and usually manifest as recurrent migratory swellings under the skin. 1,2 Eosinophilia is less commonly reported in cases of ocular gnathostomiasis than in cutaneous or visceral infections. 4,5 Ocular gnathostomiasis is a relatively rare entity where the majority of cases are observed in the anterior chamber, presenting with anterior uveitis.…”

“…Treatment of ocular gnathostomiasis requires surgical removal of the parasite. 1,5 Complete visual recovery has been widely reported after treatment of ocular gnathostomiasis; however, the prognosis is less favourable in intravitreal infection because of local retinal trauma caused by parasite movement, predisposing to retinal detachment. 4,5 ORCID Verity Moynihan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5300-7949 Riyaz Bhikoo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0463-2123 Mei-Ling Tay-Kearney https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7687-7691 REFERENCES…”