Cortical Thickness in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Attention Deficit Disorder

Fernández-Jaén, Alberto; Fernández-Mayoralas, Daniel Martı́n; Tapia, Diana Quiñones; Calleja‐Pérez, Beatriz; García‐Segura, Juan M.; Arribas, Sonia; Jareño, Nuria Muñoz

doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2011.09.004

Cited by 37 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In rats, ethanol applied throughout gestation caused slightly thinner cortex at P11, but cortical thickness was nearly normal by P60, even though reduced volume and surface area persisted (Leigland et al, 2013). In adolescent and adult FASD subjects, cerebral cortex was found to be thicker than controls, perhaps reflecting compensatory development after ethanol-induced damage (Fernández-Jaén et al, 2011; Sowell et al, 2008; Yang et al, 2012). However, there is also a finding of thinner cortex in FASD subjects (Zhou et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Selective reduction of cerebral cortex GABA neurons in a late gestation model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

Smiley

Saito

Bleiwas

et al. 2015

Alcohol

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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are associated with cognitive and behavioral deficits, and decreased volume of the whole brain and cerebral cortex. Rodent models have shown that early postnatal treatments, which mimic ethanol toxicity in the third trimester of human pregnancy, acutely induce widespread apoptotic neuronal degeneration and permanent behavioral deficits. However, the lasting cellular and anatomical effects of early ethanol treatments are still incompletely understood. This study examined changes in neocortex volume, thickness, and cellular organization that persist in adult mice after postnatal day 7 (P7) ethanol treatment. Post mortem brain volumes, measured by both MRI within the skull and by fluid displacement of isolated brains, were reduced 10–13% by ethanol treatment. The cerebral cortex showed a similar reduction (12%) caused mainly by lower surface area (9%). In spite of these large changes, several features of cortical organization showed little evidence of change, including cortical thickness, overall neuron size, and laminar organization. Estimates of total neuron number showed a trend level reduction of about 8%, due mainly to reduced cortical volume but unchanged neuron density. However, counts of calretinin (CR) and parvalbumin (PV) subtypes of GABAergic neurons showed a striking >30% reduction of neuron number. Similar ethanol effects were found in male and female mice, and in C57BL/6By and BALB/cJ mouse strains. Our findings indicate that the cortex has substantial capacity to develop normal cytoarchitectonic organization after early postnatal ethanol toxicity, but there is a selective and persistent reduction of GABA cells that may contribute to the lasting cognitive and behavioral deficits in FASD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Selective reduction of cerebral cortex GABA neurons in a late gestation model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

Smiley

Saito

Bleiwas

et al. 2015

Alcohol

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show abstract

“…Similar slopes of volume change with age in the FASD and control group here confirm longitudinal findings (Gautam et al, 2015a, Treit et al, 2013), except for white matter and amygdala which are shown to have larger group differences at older ages here. Previous cortical thickness studies of FASD have yielded inconsistent group differences, with some studies finding reductions (Gautam et al, 2015b, Robertson et al, 2016, Zhou et al, 2011), increases (Fernandez-Jaen et al, 2011, Sowell et al, 2008, Yang et al, 2012) or no difference in cortical thickness in the FASD group relative to controls (Rajaprakash et al, 2014, Wozniak et al, 2013). Inconsistencies in previous literature may potentially stem from differences in methodology, patient populations and developmental effects of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sexual dimorphism of volume reduction but not cognitive deficit in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: A combined diffusion tensor imaging, cortical thickness and brain volume study

Treit

Chen

Zhou

et al. 2017

NeuroImage: Clinical

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Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revealed abnormalities in brain volumes, cortical thickness and white matter microstructure in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD); however, no study has reported all three measures within the same cohort to assess the relative magnitude of deficits, and few studies have examined sex differences. Participants with FASD (n = 70; 30 females; 5–32 years) and healthy controls (n = 74; 35 females; 5–32 years) underwent cognitive testing and MRI to assess cortical thickness, regional brain volumes and fractional anisotropy (FA)/mean diffusivity (MD) of white matter tracts. A significant effect of group, age-by-group, or sex-by-group was found for 9/9 volumes, 7/39 cortical thickness regions, 3/9 white matter tracts, and 9/10 cognitive tests, indicating group differences that in some cases differ by age or sex. Volume reductions for several structures were larger in males than females, despite similar deficits of cognition in both sexes. Correlations between brain structure and cognitive scores were found in females of both groups, but were notably absent in males. Correlations within a given MRI modality (e.g. total brain volume and caudate volume) were prevalent in both the control and FASD groups, and were more numerous than correlations between measurement types (e.g. volumes and diffusion tensor imaging) in either cohort. This multi-modal MRI study finds widespread differences of brain structure in participants with prenatal alcohol exposure, and to a greater extent in males than females which may suggest attenuation of the expected process of sexual dimorphism of brain structure during typical development.

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“…A detailed description of the sequential, semi-automated approach used in the present study to measure cortical thickness can be found elsewhere (Fernández-Jaén et al, 2011. Briefly, it entails three successive steps: 1) automated removal of nonbrain tissue using FSL´s brain extraction tool (BET; version 2.1).…”

Section: Image Preprocessing and Cortical Thickness Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical thickness differences in the prefrontal cortex in children and adolescents with ADHD in relation to dopamine transporter (DAT1) genotype

Fernández-Jaén¹,

López-Martín²,

Albert³

et al. 2015

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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Cortical Thickness in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Attention Deficit Disorder

Cited by 37 publications

References 38 publications

Selective reduction of cerebral cortex GABA neurons in a late gestation model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

Selective reduction of cerebral cortex GABA neurons in a late gestation model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

Sexual dimorphism of volume reduction but not cognitive deficit in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: A combined diffusion tensor imaging, cortical thickness and brain volume study

Cortical thickness differences in the prefrontal cortex in children and adolescents with ADHD in relation to dopamine transporter (DAT1) genotype

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