Cortical Response of the Anesthetized Cat to Gross Photic and Electrical Afferent Stimulation

Marshall, Wade H.; Talbot, Samuel A.; Ades, Harlow W.

doi:10.1152/jn.1943.6.1.1

Cited by 182 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Properties of these EPSPs were therefore compatible with the present findings. The pattern of bidirectional translaminar spread of activities suggested by our data is in good agreement with the previous findings based on the field potential analysis and related microelectrode studies performed in various cortical areas receiving specific thalamic afferents (MARSHALL et al, 1943;BISHOP and CLARE, 1952;AMASSIAN, 1953;AMASSIAN et al, 1955;LI et al,1956;TOWE et al, 1968;SASAKI et a1.,1972;SASAKI and PRELEVIC, 1972;ASANUMA et al,1974;DOETSCH and TOWE,1976a, b;TOYAMA et al, 1977a, b;MITZDORF and SINGER, 1978 ;DESCHENES et al, 1979 ;MOUNTCASTLE, 1979 ;SINGER, 1979;FERSTER and LINDSTROM, 1983). It is also consonant with anatomically identified laminar distribution of specific thalamocortical fibers (ASANUMA et al, 1974;STRICK and STERLING, 1974;JONES, 1975;DESCHENES and HAMMOND, 1980;DESCHENES and LANDRY, 1980;HERKENHAM, 1980;DONOGHUE and EBNER, 1981;HERSCH and WHITE, 1981;GILBERT, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Intracortical spread of neuronal activities induced by stimulation of recurrent and thalamic afferent pathways compared with epicortical activation.

Ezure

Oshima

1985

Jpn.J.Physiol

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1) In the encephale isole cat preparation the cerebral peduncle (CP) and the nucleus ventralis lateralis (VL) of the thalamus were stimulated. Short-latency responses recorded from precruciate cortical neurons consisted of excitatory (EPSP) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP). 2) Laminar distributions of these responses and their latencies were viewed as the spatiotemporal pattern of spread of excitation and inhibition within the cortex in comparison with those obtained by epicortical stimulation (EPICS). 3) In contrast with activities by EPICS spreading downwards from superficial to deep layers, CP recurrent activities spread upwards from deep to middle or superficial layers, and those by VL afferents spread from middle to both superficial and deep layers bidirectionally. 4) These three intracortical routes shared common cell assemblies in that they received convergent EPSPs or IPSPs to various extents from different inputs. The routes for EPICS and VL inputs were overlapped particularly with abundant supply of convergence in spite of their functional difference. Relevant potentiality of the cerebral network in forming plural patterns was discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Intracortical spread of neuronal activities induced by stimulation of recurrent and thalamic afferent pathways compared with epicortical activation.

Ezure

Oshima

1985

Jpn.J.Physiol

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“…It is elaborated that human reaction (or task activation) time is, dependent on the stimulated sensory channel, between 140ms (auditory) and 180ms (visual) [20], [21]. The reason for this variation comes from the different times for information to reach the brain, which is about 8-10ms for an auditory [22], but 20-40ms for a visual stimulus [23]. According to these findings, the minimum reaction time between stimulus activation (in this case the appearance of "42") and user response (button pushed) considered true is set to 200ms; for the upper limit a confidence interval of CI=95% has been taken into account; consequently, reaction times exceeding 2, 894ms are considered as missed and the corresponding data sets have been excluded from evaluation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tactor placement in wrist worn wearables

Matscheko

Ferscha

Riener

et al. 2010

International Symposium on Wearable Computers (ISWC) 2010

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Vibro-tactile stimulation has been revealed as a potentially effective means to deliver spontaneous notifications like alerts to recipients that are focused on other tasks (although only at very low bit rates, and depending on the place at which the tactors are placed). This work addresses the issue of the amount of information that can be perceived via stimuli coming from wrist worn tactors, given the recipient is not expecting or attentive to the potential occurrence of an alert. Assuming apparel like wrist watches with embedded tactors to represent the alert delivery platform, we investigaterespecting physiognomical properties of tactile perceptionthe effectiveness of different tactor placements. We compare the case of embedding 4 tactors underneath the "face" of the wrist watch, against the case of embedding it into the wristband ("wrist"). A user study of 1,823 trials has been conducted involving recipients exposed to different levels of engagement in a certain activity. The experiments show, that the amount of information perceived via spontaneous tactile alerts ranges from 1.90-2.49 bits at low, to 1.59-2.41 bits at high levels of engagement. The "wrist" tactor placement achieves a 41.6 % higher perception bit rate than the "face" tactor placement.

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“…In the medial bank of the suprasylvian sulcus of the cat's cortex lies an extrastriate visual area, discovered by Marshall, Talbot & Ades (1943) and further described by Clare & Bishop (1954). Most of the cells in this region, now commonly called the postero-medial lateral suprasylvian area or p.m.l.s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulus selectivity and functional organization in the lateral suprasylvian visual cortex of the cat.

Blakemore¹,

Zumbroich²

1987

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. We have examined the responses of cells in the postero-medial and posterolateral lateral suprasylvian areas (p.m.l.s./p.l.l.s.) in the medial and lateral banks of the middle suprasylvian sulcus of the anaesthetized, paralysed cat.2. Visual responses were assessed qualitatively (for projected spot and bar stimuli) and quantitatively (for drifting, high-contrast gratings of optimum spatial and temporal frequencies, but varying in orientation and direction of drift). There was excellent agreement between qualitative and quantitative estimates of preferred direction of motion.3. Comparison of responses to motion in the preferred direction and the opposite direction confirmed that the percentage of units with strong directional preference is higher in this region of cortex than in other cortical and subcortical visual structures so far investigated.4. Cells were comparatively well 'tuned' for the direction of motion of a grating: on average the half-width at half-amplitude for the variation in response around the principal preferred direction was 23-2 deg for p.m.l.s. and 25-3 deg for p.l.l.s., thus falling within the range found for complex cells in area 17. In this and other aspects of their direction selectivity, neurones in p.m.l.s. and p.l.l.s. were very similar to each other.5. Quantitative analysis of the direction-response functions revealed them frequently to be more complex than previously described. For many cells there were subsidiary response peaks in addition to the main peak at the principal preferred direction. Often there was an accessory peak 180 deg from the optimum direction (i.e. directional preference was incomplete), but there was also a clear tendency for responses to be specifically elevated for directions orthogonal to the principal direction.6. Tests with stationary, contrast-modulated gratings of the optimum spatial frequency, but differing in orientation, revealed that neurones responsive to such stimuli (though limited to about half the population) were orientation selective, their preferred orientations for stationary and drifting gratings being very similar.7. The functional architecture of the lateral suprasylvian cortex was studied by means of single and multiple penetrations at different angles to the cortical surface: in most penetrations in p.m.l.s. the preferred directions of cells tended to shift progressively in small steps across the cortex, at a maximum rate of about 360 deg C. BLAKEMORE AND T. J. ZUMBROICH mm-'. However, there were occasional 180 deg differences between neighbouring recording sites or between cells recorded at different depths within a single radial column. Thus, the local sequential representation across the cortical surface seems to relate to stimulus orientation or axis of motion, rather than to the direction of movement.

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Cortical Response of the Anesthetized Cat to Gross Photic and Electrical Afferent Stimulation

Cited by 182 publications

References 0 publications

Intracortical spread of neuronal activities induced by stimulation of recurrent and thalamic afferent pathways compared with epicortical activation.

Intracortical spread of neuronal activities induced by stimulation of recurrent and thalamic afferent pathways compared with epicortical activation.

Tactor placement in wrist worn wearables

Stimulus selectivity and functional organization in the lateral suprasylvian visual cortex of the cat.

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