Cortical reorganization in human amputees and mislocalization of painful stimuli to the phantom limb

Knecht, Stefan; Henningsen, H.; Elbert, Thomas; Flor, Herta; Höhling, C.; Pantev, Christo; Birbaumer, Niels; Taub, Edward

doi:10.1016/0304-3940(95)12186-2

Cited by 82 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Data from the somatosensory system suggest that it is the location of active cortical sites within the topographic array that determines the percept. Thus in adult humans who have lost particular body parts, stimulation of normal body surfaces can result in the percept of stimuli being applied to phantom limbs or body parts [Aglioti et al, 1994;Halligan et al, 1993;Knecht et al, 1995;Ramachandran et al, 1992]. This is consistent with changes in brain maps in these cases [Hall et al, 1990;Yang et al, 1994a, b] whereby regions previously mapping the phantom parts have been 'taken over' by the representation of normal body parts eliciting the phantom percept.…”

Section: Constraints In Extrapolating To Predicting Perceptual Effectsupporting

confidence: 63%

Neuronal Responses across Cortical Field A1 in Plasticity Induced by Peripheral Auditory Organ Damage

Rajan¹,

Irvine

1998

Audiol Neurotol

106

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The adult auditory cortex is capable of a plastic reorganization of its tonotopic map after damage to restricted parts of the cochlear sensory epithelium. We examine the precise conditions of cochlear damage required to demonstrate such plasticity in the primary auditory cortex (A1) of the cat and the changes observed in neuronal responses in the A1 which has reorganized in plasticity of the tonotopic map. From these data we attempt to predict the conditions required for similar plasticity to occur in humans after coachlear damage.

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Section: Constraints In Extrapolating To Predicting Perceptual Effectsupporting

confidence: 63%

Neuronal Responses across Cortical Field A1 in Plasticity Induced by Peripheral Auditory Organ Damage

Rajan¹,

Irvine

1998

Audiol Neurotol

106

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“…In our study of a single patient, we reported activation in the perceptual correlate of the SI cortical representation of the phantom hand (Borsook et al, 1998). Other studies have demonstrated CNS plasticity in patients with sensory changes including pain Knecht et al, 1995;Birbaumer et al, 1997;Flor, 2000). These latter studies investigated plasticity-associated changes in patients with pain, but not circuitry associated with pain processing per se.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 80%

Functional imaging of the human trigeminal system: Opportunities for new insights into pain processing in health and disease

2004

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Peripheral inflammation or nerve damage result in changes in nervous system function, and may be a source of chronic pain. A number of animal studies have indicated that central neural plasticity, including sensitization of neurons within the spinal cord and brain, is part of the response to nervous system insult, and can result in the appearance of altered sensation, including pain. It cannot be assumed, however, that data obtained from animal models unambiguously reflects CNS changes that occur in humans. Currently, the only noninvasive approach to determining objective changes in neural processing and responsiveness within the CNS in humans is the use of functional imaging techniques. It is now possible to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure CNS activation in the trigeminal ganglion, spinal trigeminal nucleus, the thalamus, and the somatosensory cortex in healthy volunteers, in a surrogate model of hyperalgesia, and in patients with trigeminal pain. By offering a window into the temporal and functional changes that occur in the damaged nervous system in humans, fMRI can provide both insight into the mechanisms of normal and pathological pain and, potentially, an objective method for measuring altered sensation. These advances are likely to contribute greatly to the diagnosis and treatment of clinical pain conditions affecting the trigeminal system (e.g., neuropathic pain, migraine).

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“…Elbert et al [1995] have shown that an increase in finger representation can be detected in string players using pneumatic stimulation, although their expertise is in a different mode, i.e., string playing. In the present experiment, the magnetometer and mode of analysis were the same as the ones used by Elbert and colleagues [1995] and in a number of previous studies in which reorganization of the somatosensory cortex has been shown [Elbert et al, 1994Flor et al, 1995;Knecht et al, 1995Knecht et al, , 1996b. Moreover, current dipole strengths were highly consistent across measurements indicating a high quality of recording.…”

Section: No Detectable Increase In Cortical Representationmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Contrary to our study, Recanzone et al [1992b-e] used microelectrode measurements and this may explain the different results. Using magnetoencephalography before and after surgical separation of webbed fingers, Mogilner and coworkers, like others, demonstrated reorganization of the somatosensory cortex Flor et al, 1995;Knecht et al, 1996bKnecht et al, , 1995Mogilner et al, 1993;Sterr et al, 1998;Taub et al, 1995].…”

Section: Generalization Of Improved Performancementioning

confidence: 98%

Learning of tactile frequency discrimination in humans

Imai¹,

Kamping²,

Breitenstein³

et al. 2003

Human Brain Mapping

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Learning is based on the remodeling of neural connections in the brain. The purpose of the present study was to examine the extent to which training-induced improvements in tactile frequency discrimination in humans are correlated with an increase of cortical representations in the primary somatosensory cortex. Healthy male subjects (n = 16) were trained in a tactile frequency discrimination task of the left ring finger. During the first 15 days of training, there was a steep improvement in frequency discrimination, which generalized from the trained finger to its homologue on the opposite hand, and to a lesser extent, to the other fingers on both hands. During the following 15 days of training, there was only a minor improvement in tactile frequency discrimination. Retention of improved performance in frequency discrimination 30 days after training was demonstrated for all digits. Cortical finger representation in the primary somatosensory cortex, as measured by magnetic source imaging, did not change during training. Because of the generalized training effect and the lack of detectable increase in the cortical field evoked from the trained finger, we assume that skill improvement was mediated predominantly by regions outside the primary somatosensory cortex.

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Cortical reorganization in human amputees and mislocalization of painful stimuli to the phantom limb

Cited by 82 publications

References 7 publications

Neuronal Responses across Cortical Field A1 in Plasticity Induced by Peripheral Auditory Organ Damage

Neuronal Responses across Cortical Field A1 in Plasticity Induced by Peripheral Auditory Organ Damage

Functional imaging of the human trigeminal system: Opportunities for new insights into pain processing in health and disease

Learning of tactile frequency discrimination in humans

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