Cortical neuronal ensembles driven by dorsal horn spinal neurones with spontaneous activity in the cat

Manjarrez, Elı́as; Rojas-Piloni, Gerardo; Vázquez, D.; Flores, Amira

doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(01)02497-1

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The present results (Fig. 4) are consistent with this possibility, because the SR disappears in the cortical but not in the spinal recording after sectioning of the DC and the IDLF (see also Manjarrez et al, 2002a). We conclude that the SR may occur in the spinocortical somatosensory system itself in a preparation of the anesthetized cat.…”

Section: Participation Of Dorsal Horn Spinal Neurons In the Mechanismsupporting

confidence: 89%

Stochastic Resonance within the Somatosensory System: Effects of Noise on Evoked Field Potentials Elicited by Tactile Stimuli

et al. 2003

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Stochastic resonance (SR) is commonly understood to be the enhancement, by noise, of the response of a system to a weak input signal. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the occurrence of SR in spinal and cortical evoked field potentials (EFPs) elicited by periodic tactile stimuli in the anesthetized cat. The electrodes were positioned in spinal and cortical somatosensory regions in which the largest negative EFPs were detected. The periodic tactile stimuli consisted of local skin displacements on the central pad of the hindpaw. Two series of experiments were performed. First, periodic tactile stimuli and the noisy tactile stimuli were applied with the same indenter. Second, noisy tactile stimuli were applied with an additional indenter placed on the glabrous skin of the third hindpaw digit. This last protocol ensured that the signal and noise were mixed not in the skin but in the somatosensory regions of the CNS. All cats showed distinct SR behavior at the spinal and cortical stages of the sensory encoding. Such SR was abolished in the cortical but not in the spinal recording after sectioning of the dorsal columns and the ipsilateral dorsolateral funiculus. This suggests that the spinal neurons may also contribute to the SR observed at the cortical level. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented evidence that such a remarkable phenomenon embodies electrical processes of the spinocortical somatosensory system itself.

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Section: Participation Of Dorsal Horn Spinal Neurons In the Mechanismsupporting

confidence: 89%

Stochastic Resonance within the Somatosensory System: Effects of Noise on Evoked Field Potentials Elicited by Tactile Stimuli

et al. 2003

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“…Therefore, these cortical changes are unlikely to be due to the axotomy of efferent corticospinal cells (Hains et al, 2003;Lee et al, 2004;Jurkiewicz et al, 2006), to unspecific systemic reactions to the spinal injury, or to the experimental protocol, but are most likely specifically due to the deafferentation. Our result that deafferentation affects cortical slow-wave activity supports the view that this important sleep rhythm is not purely cortical, as usually considered, but is also critically controlled by subcortical structures (Fox and Armstrong-James, 1986;Manjarrez et al, 2002;Crunelli and Hughes, 2010). The possible mechanistic role played by slow-wave activity in shaping long-term cortical reorganization after deafferentation (Aton et al, 2009) should be further investigated in future studies.…”

Section: Pharmacological Block Of the Spinal Cordsupporting

confidence: 85%

Spinal Cord Injury Immediately Changes the State of the Brain

Aguilar¹,

Humanes-Valera²,

et al. 2010

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Spinal cord injury can produce extensive long-term reorganization of the cerebral cortex. Little is known, however, about the sequence of cortical events starting immediately after the lesion. Here we show that a complete thoracic transection of the spinal cord produces immediate functional reorganization in the primary somatosensory cortex of anesthetized rats. Besides the obvious loss of cortical responses to hindpaw stimuli (below the level of the lesion), cortical responses evoked by forepaw stimuli (above the level of the lesion) markedly increase. Importantly, these increased responses correlate with a slower and overall more silent cortical spontaneous activity, representing a switch to a network state of slow-wave activity similar to that observed during slow-wave sleep. The same immediate cortical changes are observed after reversible pharmacological block of spinal cord conduction, but not after sham. We conclude that the deafferentation due to spinal cord injury can immediately (within minutes) change the state of large cortical networks, and that this state change plays a critical role in the early cortical reorganization after spinal cord injury.

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“…As such, the decreased low beta corticomuscular coherence in older and PD groups found in this study may reflect an attenuated evoked response at cortical and/or spinal levels. At the spinal level, differences in evoked TA responses may reflect reduced activity of dorsal horn spinal neurons (Manjarrez et al 2002a, Manjarrez et al 2002b), which receive input from Ia afferents that are known to degenerate with age. During upright standing, for example, age-related degeneration of Ia afferents has been shown to affect leg muscle activity and to contribute to impaired postural control performance (Baudry 2016).…”

Section: Physiology Of Low Beta Oscillationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corticomuscular control of walking in older people and people with Parkinson’s disease

Roeder

Boonstra

Kerr

2019

Preprint

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Changes in human gait that result from ageing or neurodegenerative diseases are multifactorial. Here we assess the effects of age and Parkinson’s disease (PD) on corticospinal control in electrophysiological activity recorded during treadmill and overground walking. Electroencephalography (EEG) from 10 electrodes and electromyography (EMG) from two leg muscles were acquired from 22 healthy young, 24 healthy older and 20 adults with PD. Event-related power, corticomuscular coherence (CMC) and inter-trial coherence were assessed for EEG from bilateral sensorimotor cortices and EMG from tibialis anterior muscles during the double support phase of the gait cycle. CMC and EMG power in the low beta band (13-21 Hz) was significantly decreased in older and PD participants compared to young people, but there was no difference between older and PD groups. Older and PD participants spent shorter time in the swing phase than young individuals. These findings indicate age-related changes in the temporal coordination of gait. The decrease in beta CMC suggests reduced cortical input to spinal motor neurons in older people during the double support phase. We also observed multiple changes in electrophysiological measures at high beta and low gamma frequencies during treadmill compared to overground walking, indicating task-dependent differences in corticospinal locomotor control.

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Cortical neuronal ensembles driven by dorsal horn spinal neurones with spontaneous activity in the cat

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Stochastic Resonance within the Somatosensory System: Effects of Noise on Evoked Field Potentials Elicited by Tactile Stimuli

Stochastic Resonance within the Somatosensory System: Effects of Noise on Evoked Field Potentials Elicited by Tactile Stimuli

Spinal Cord Injury Immediately Changes the State of the Brain

Corticomuscular control of walking in older people and people with Parkinson’s disease

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