Cortical Networks for Visual Reaching: Physiological and Anatomical Organization of Frontal and Parietal Lobe Arm Regions

Johnson, Paul; Ferraina, Stefano; Bianchi, Luigi; Caminiti, Roberto

doi:10.1093/cercor/6.2.102

Cited by 631 publications

(515 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…A large reciprocally connected neo-cortical network involving parietal (BA 7) and premotor areas (BA 6) is thought to be essential for planning and control of movements and anticipation of their consequences. This might explain the very similar time-courses of activity in these structures in the present study (Jeannerod, 1994;Johnson et al, 1996;Andersen et al, 1997).…”

Section: Functional Equivalence Of Overt and Covert Object Manipulationsupporting

confidence: 74%

Evidence for Premotor Cortex Activity during Dynamic Visuospatial Imagery from Single-Trial Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Event-Related Slow Cortical Potentials

et al. 2001

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A strong correspondence has been repeatedly observed between actually performed and mentally imagined object rotation. This suggests an overlap in the brain regions involved in these processes. Functional neuroimaging studies have consistently revealed parietal and occipital cortex activity during dynamic visuospatial imagery. However, results concerning the involvement of higher-order cortical motor areas have been less consistent. We investigated if and when premotor structures are active during processing of a three-dimensional cube comparison task that requires dynamic visuospatial imagery. In order to achieve a good temporal and spatial resolution, single-trial functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and scalp-recorded event-related slow cortical potentials (SCPs) were recorded from the same subjects in two separate measurement sessions. In order to reduce inter-subject variability in brain activity due to individual differences, only male subjects (n ‫؍‬ 13) with high task-specific ability were investigated. Functional MRI revealed consistent bilateral activity in the occipital (Brodmann area BA18/19) and parietal cortex (BA7), in lateral and medial premotor areas (BA6), the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA9), and the anterior insular cortex. The time-course of SCPs indicated that task-related activity in these areas commenced approximately 550 -650 ms after stimulus presentation and persisted until task completion. These results provide strong and consistent evidence that the human premotor cortex is involved in dynamic visuospatial imagery.

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Section: Functional Equivalence Of Overt and Covert Object Manipulationsupporting

confidence: 74%

Evidence for Premotor Cortex Activity during Dynamic Visuospatial Imagery from Single-Trial Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Event-Related Slow Cortical Potentials

et al. 2001

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“…Recent anatomic work using retrograde virus transport has indicated that relatively few of the corticospinal neurons on the crown of the central sulcus have these direct projections (Rathelot and Strick 2009). There is also physiological evidence that, as one moves anterior from the central sulcus, the discharge of neurons may become less like that of muscles while taking on other higher-order characteristics (Johnson et al 1996;Kakei et al 2001). The multielectrode arrays that we used in this study preclude recording from within the bank of the central sulcus, and thereby may actually have missed many of these directly connected, musclelike neurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taken together, these studies indicate that the discharge of many, but not all, M1 neurons is influenced by posture and external load. There is anatomic evidence that the proportion of neurons with these musclelike properties may increase with proximity to the central sulcus (Johnson et al 1996;Rathelot and Strick 2006). As such, M1 is now generally viewed as a heterogeneous structure, involved in the coding of both kinematics and kinetics, and perhaps also in the transformation of these commands (Kakei et al 2001;Kalaska et al 1989;Shen and Alexander 1997;Thach 1978).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor cortical prediction of EMG: evidence that a kinetic brain-machine interface may be robust across altered movement dynamics

Cherian

Krucoff

Miller

2011

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Cherian A, Krucoff MO, Miller LE. Motor cortical prediction of EMG: evidence that a kinetic brain-machine interface may be robust across altered movement dynamics. J Neurophysiol 106: 564 -575, 2011. First published May 11, 2011 doi:10.1152/jn.00553.2010.-During typical movements, signals related to both the kinematics and kinetics of movement are mutually correlated, and each is correlated to some extent with the discharge of neurons in the primary motor cortex (M1). However, it is well known, if not always appreciated, that causality cannot be inferred from correlations. Although these mutual correlations persist, their nature changes with changing postural or dynamical conditions. Under changing conditions, only signals directly controlled by M1 can be expected to maintain a stable relationship with its discharge. If one were to rely on noncausal correlations for a brain-machine interface, its generalization across conditions would likely suffer. We examined this effect, using multielectrode recordings in M1 as input to linear decoders of both end point kinematics (position and velocity) and proximal limb myoelectric signals (EMG) during reaching. We tested these decoders across tasks that altered either the posture of the limb or the end point forces encountered during movement. Within any given task, the accuracy of the kinematic predictions tended to be somewhat better than the EMG predictions. However, when we used the decoders developed under one task condition to predict the signals recorded under different postural or dynamical conditions, only the EMG decoders consistently generalized well. Our results support the view that M1 discharge is more closely related to kinetic variables like EMG than it is to limb kinematics. These results suggest that brain-machine interface applications using M1 to control kinetic variables may prove to be more successful than the more standard kinematic approach.electromyogram; force field; limb movement; posture REACHING IS a deceptively simple action. We are typically aware only of the relatively straight, smoothly accelerating movement of the hand toward a target.

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“…Sensory responses recorded in the premotor cortex in monkeys are related to the motor intention, implying a role in the preparation of voluntary movements (Boussaoud et al, 1995;Wise et al, 1997). These multimodal inputs to the premotor cortex come both from sensory association areas, and also from multisensory areas of the parietal lobe (Tanné-Gariépy et al, 2002;Johnson et al, 1996;Luppino et al 1999;Shipp et al, 1998). The latencies of the responses to sensory stimuli in the premotor cortex may be relatively short, which is compatible with direct access through the thalamus, for example, in agreement with recent anatomical studies (Morel et al, 2005;Cappe et al, 2009a) showing the existence of inputs from PuM directed towards PMd and PMv.…”

Section: Role Of the Pulvinarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multisensory anatomical pathways

2009

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In order to interact with the multisensory world that surrounds us, we must integrate various sources of sensory information (vision, hearing, touch. . .). A fundamental question is thus how the brain integrates the separate elements of an object defined by several sensory components to form a unified percept. The superior colliculus was the main model for studying multisensory integration. At the cortical level, until recently, multisensory integration appeared to be a characteristic attributed to high-level association regions. First, we describe recently observed direct cortico-cortical connections between different sensory cortical areas in the non-human primate and discuss the potential role of these connections. Then, we show that the projections between different sensory and motor cortical areas and the thalamus enabled us to highlight the existence of thalamic nuclei that, by their connections, may represent an alternative pathway for information transfer between different sensory and/or motor cortical areas. The thalamus is in position to allow a faster transfer and even an integration of information across modalities. Finally, we discuss the role of these non-specific connections regarding behavioral evidence in the monkey and recent electrophysiological evidence in the primary cortical sensory areas.

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Cortical Networks for Visual Reaching: Physiological and Anatomical Organization of Frontal and Parietal Lobe Arm Regions

Cited by 631 publications

References 69 publications

Evidence for Premotor Cortex Activity during Dynamic Visuospatial Imagery from Single-Trial Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Event-Related Slow Cortical Potentials

Evidence for Premotor Cortex Activity during Dynamic Visuospatial Imagery from Single-Trial Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Event-Related Slow Cortical Potentials

Motor cortical prediction of EMG: evidence that a kinetic brain-machine interface may be robust across altered movement dynamics

Multisensory anatomical pathways

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