Cortical Localization of Human Sustained Attention: Detection with Functional MR Using a Visual Vigilance Paradigm

Lewin, Jonathan S.; Friedman, Lee; Wu, Dee; Miller, David A.; Thompson, Lee A.; Klein, Susan K.; Wise, Alexandria; Hedera, Peter; Buckley, Peter F.; Meltzer, Herbert Y.; Friedland, Robert P.; Duerk, Jeffrey L.

doi:10.1097/00004728-199609000-00002

Cited by 127 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These effects are generally observed for both the accuracy of target detection (Rueckert & Grafman, 1996;Wilkins et al, 1987) and for RTs (Rueckert & Grafman, 1996). Functional brain imaging studies in healthy participants have further suggested that overall vigilance may involve a subcortico-cortical system relying on the right prefrontal cortex (Cohen, Semple, Gross, Holcomb, Dowling, & Nordahl, 1988;Cohen, Semple, Gross, King, & Nordahl, 1992;Coull, Frith, Frackowiak, & Grasby, 1996;Deutsch, Papanicolaou, Bourbon, & Eisenberg, 1987;Fassbender et al, 2004;Lewin et al, 1996;Pardo, Fox, & Raichle, 1991), the parietal lobes (Coull et al, 1996;Fassbender et al, 2004;Pardo et al, 1991), the anterior cingulate, the thalamus, and brainstem structures (Coull, Frackowiak, & Frith, 1998;Kinomura, Larsson, Gulyas, & Roland, 1996;Paus et al 1997;Sturm et al, 1999). There is some evidence from functional brain imaging studies suggesting that the brain regions involved in overall vigilance may also be involved in the vigilance decrement, as activation in these same regions has been shown to decrease over time on task (Coull & al., 1998;Paus et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained Attention in Mild Alzheimer's Disease

Berardi¹,

Parasuraman²,

Haxby³

2005

Developmental Neuropsychology

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The vigilance decrement in perceptual sensitivity was examined in 10 patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 20 age-matched controls. A visual high-event rate digit-discrimination task lasting 7.2 min. (six 1.2 min blocks) was presented at different levels of stimulus degradation. Previous studies have shown that sensitivity decrements (d′) over time at high-stimulus degradation result from demands on effortful processing. For all degradation levels, the overall level of vigilance (d′) was lower in AD patients than in controls. All participants showed sensitivity decrement over blocks, with greater decrement at higher degradation levels. AD patients exhibited greater sensitivity decrement over time at the highest degradation level they all could perform relative to control participants. There were no concomitant changes in either response bias (C) or response times. The results indicate that mild AD patients have overall lower levels of vigilance under conditions that require both automatic and effortful processing. Mild AD patients also exhibit a deficit in the maintenance of vigilance over time under effortful processing conditions. Although the sample of AD patients was small, results further suggest that both possible and probable AD patients had greater sensitivity decrement over time at the highest degradation level than did control participants, but only probable AD patients had lower overall levels of vigilance. In the possible AD patients as a group, the decrement in vigilance occurred in the absence of concurrent deficits on standard attentional tasks, such as the Stroop and Trail Making tests, suggesting that deficits in vigilance over time may appear earlier than deficits in selective attention.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, degenerative brain disorder, the most usual and early clinical manifestation of which is memory impairment (Baddeley, Della Sala, Logie, & Spinnler, 1986;Morris & Kopelman, 1986). Attentional functions, particularly selective and divided attention, are also affected early in the course of AD (Parasuraman & Haxby, 1993). Although sustained attention has been less extensively studied, this aspect of attention is worthy of further investigation in relation to dementia, for several reasons. First, clinical observations indicate that demented patients have difficulty concentrating and fatigue easily (Lezak, 1995). Altered sustained attention in AD patients may also contribute to their deficits in other cognitive functions. Furthermore, everyday activities such as safe driving (Ball, 1997;Duchek, Hunt, Ball, Buckles, & Morris, 1997Hunt, Morris, Edwards, & Wilson, 1993; and prevention of falls (Buchner & Larson, 1987) may depend on intact maintenance of attention.Several different experimental paradigms have been used to investigate sustained attention, including signal detection (Bushnell & Rice, 1999), serial reaction (Robbins, 1998), responseRequests for reprints should be sent to Anna Maria Berardi, Department of Psychology, University of Metz, Ile du Sau...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained Attention in Mild Alzheimer's Disease

Berardi¹,

Parasuraman²,

Haxby³

2005

Developmental Neuropsychology

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“…The prefrontal cortex is involved in maintaining, monitoring, and manipulating information in working memory, 10 and particularly in sustained attention. 11,12 The anterior cingulate gyrus has been implicated in divided attention, novelty detection, working memory, memory retrieval, Stroop tasks (inhibition), evaluative judgment, motivation, and performance monitoring. [11][12][13][14][15][16] The anterior cingulate gyrus is considered an initiating or inhibiting region, in that it initiates appropriate, and suppresses inappropriate, behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Cognitive Function After Transcranial, Light-Emitting Diode Treatments in Chronic, Traumatic Brain Injury: Two Case Reports

Naeser

Saltmarche

Krengel

et al. 2011

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery

227

201

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Objective: Two chronic, traumatic brain injury (TBI) cases, where cognition improved following treatment with red and near-infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs), applied transcranially to forehead and scalp areas, are presented. Background: Significant benefits have been reported following application of transcranial, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) to humans with acute stroke and mice with acute TBI. These are the first case reports documenting improved cognitive function in chronic, TBI patients treated with transcranial LED. Methods: Treatments were applied bilaterally and to midline sagittal areas using LED cluster heads [2.1@ diameter, 61 diodes (9Â633 nm, 52Â870 nm); 12-15 mW per diode; total power: 500 mW; 22.2 mW/cm 2 ; 13.3 J/cm 2 at scalp (estimated 0.4 J/cm 2 to cortex)]. Results: Seven years after closed-head TBI from a motor vehicle accident, Patient 1 began transcranial LED treatments. Pre-LED, her ability for sustained attention (computer work) lasted 20 min. After eight weekly LED treatments, her sustained attention time increased to 3 h. The patient performs nightly home treatments (5 years); if she stops treating for more than 2 weeks, she regresses. Patient 2 had a history of closed-head trauma (sports/military, and recent fall), and magnetic resonance imaging showed frontoparietal atrophy. Pre-LED, she was on medical disability for 5 months. After 4 months of nightly LED treatments at home, medical disability discontinued; she returned to working full-time as an executive consultant with an international technology consulting firm. Neuropsychological testing after 9 months of transcranial LED indicated significant improvement (þ1, þ2SD) in executive function (inhibition, inhibition accuracy) and memory, as well as reduction in post-traumatic stress disorder. If she stops treating for more than 1 week, she regresses. At the time of this report, both patients are continuing treatment. Conclusions: Transcranial LED may improve cognition, reduce costs in TBI treatment, and be applied at home. Controlled studies are warranted.

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“…Auditory attention is known to cause increased activity not only over the auditory cortex, 44,45 but also over a broad range of other cortical areas, including frontal, prefrontal, parietal and supplementary motor areas. 46,47 In view of the enhancing effect of active-response listening, future NIRS research might address possible effects of attention on auditory streaming with more specific listening instructions. It is assumed that the frequency separation between the tones in auditory streaming stimuli may not be the only catalyst of different rhythm percepts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active versus passive listening to auditory streaming stimuli: a near-infrared spectroscopy study

Remijn

Kojima

2010

J. Biomed. Opt.

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Abstract. We use near-infrared spectroscopy ͑NIRS͒ to assess listeners' cortical responses to a 10-s series of pure tones separated in frequency. Listeners are instructed to either judge the rhythm of these "streaming" stimuli ͑active-response listening͒ or to listen to the stimuli passively. Experiment 1 shows that active-response listening causes increases in oxygenated hemoglobin ͑oxy-Hb͒ in response to all stimuli, generally over the ͑pre͒motor cortices. The oxy-Hb increases are significantly larger over the right hemisphere than over the left for the final 5 s of the stimulus. Hemodynamic levels do not vary with changes in the frequency separation between the tones and corresponding changes in perceived rhythm ͑"gallop," "streaming," or "ambiguous"͒. Experiment 2 shows that hemodynamic levels are strongly influenced by listening mode. For the majority of time windows, active-response listening causes significantly larger oxy-Hb increases than passive listening, significantly over the left hemisphere during the stimulus and over both hemispheres after the stimulus. This difference cannot be attributed to physical motor activity and preparation related to button pressing after stimulus end, because this is required in both listening modes.

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Cortical Localization of Human Sustained Attention: Detection with Functional MR Using a Visual Vigilance Paradigm

Cited by 127 publications

References 21 publications

Sustained Attention in Mild Alzheimer's Disease

Sustained Attention in Mild Alzheimer's Disease

Improved Cognitive Function After Transcranial, Light-Emitting Diode Treatments in Chronic, Traumatic Brain Injury: Two Case Reports

Active versus passive listening to auditory streaming stimuli: a near-infrared spectroscopy study

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