Cortical-Like Receptive Fields in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of Marmoset Monkeys

Cheong, Soon Keen; Tailby, Chris; Solomon, Samuel G.; Martin, Paul R.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5208-12.2013

Cited by 100 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Classic studies in the cat and primate LGN identified center-surround neurons of various subtypes, such as sustained and transient, or brisk and sluggish (Hubel and Wiesel 1961;Wiesel and Hubel 1966;Cleland et al 1971Cleland et al , 1975Wilson et al 1976). Further studies have found evidence for orientation and direction biases in both retinal ganglion cells and LGN neurons in cats (Leventhal and Schall 1983;Shou et al 1995;Zhou et al 1995) and primates (Lee et al 1979;Smith et al 1990;Xu et al 2002;Cheong et al 2013). Although some individual neurons in these samples exhibit remarkably strong orientation or direction selectivity (including our own sample), the average amount of selectivity observed in LGN is much less than is found in the primary visual cortex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Among mammals as a whole, there is clear evidence of orientation-and direction-selective channels from retina to LGN to cortex, but the size of this pathway likely varies from species to species, even among rodents. In all mammals, there is evidence linking these cells to the koniocellular/W-cell pathway (Cheong et al 2013;Cruz-Martin et al 2014; but see Xu et al 2002). Mice seem to exhibit a higher fraction of these orientation-selective and direction-selective LGN cells than other species, although the number of neurons that implement these channels in all mammals may increase in the periphery, as it does in rabbit and mouse.…”

Section: Diversity Of Retinal and Lgn Direction Selectivity Across Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent work, and previous work in rabbits (Swadlow and Weyand 1985), has identified new populations of orientationselective or direction-selective LGN neurons in regions of the LGN that express calbindin (Marshel et al 2012;Cheong et al 2013;Piscopo et al 2013;Scholl et al 2013;Zhao et al 2013;Cruz-Martin et al 2014). Some of these studies that were performed in mice have suggested that the overall orientation or direction bias provided to cortex might be different in mice compared with other species such as cats (Scholl et al 2013;Zhao et al 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Weak orientation and direction selectivity in lateral geniculate nucleus representing central vision in the gray squirrelSciurus carolinensis

Zaltsman

Heimel

Hooser

2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Zaltsman JB, Heimel JA, Van Hooser SD. Weak orientation and direction selectivity in lateral geniculate nucleus representing central vision in the gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis. J Neurophysiol 113: 2987-2997, 2015. First published February 25, 2015 doi:10.1152/jn.00516.2014.-Classic studies of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and visual cortex (V1) in carnivores and primates have found that a majority of neurons in LGN exhibit a center-surround organization, while V1 neurons exhibit strong orientation selectivity and, in many species, direction selectivity. Recent work in the mouse and the monkey has discovered previously unknown classes of orientation-and direction-selective neurons in LGN. Furthermore, some recent studies in the mouse report that many LGN cells exhibit pronounced orientation biases that are of comparable strength to the subthreshold inputs to V1 neurons. These results raise the possibility that, in rodents, orientation biases of individual LGN cells make a substantial contribution to cortical orientation selectivity. Alternatively, the size and contribution of orientation-or direction-selective channels from LGN to V1 may vary across mammals. To address this question, we examined orientation and direction selectivity in LGN and V1 neurons of a highly visual diurnal rodent: the gray squirrel. In the representation of central vision, only a few LGN neurons exhibited strong orientation or direction selectivity. Across the population, LGN neurons showed weak orientation biases and were much less selective for orientation compared with V1 neurons. Although direction selectivity was weak overall, LGN layers 3abc, which contain neurons that express calbindin, exhibited elevated direction selectivity index values compared with LGN layers 1 and 2. These results suggest that, for central visual fields, the contribution of orientation-and directionselective channels from the LGN to V1 is small in the squirrel. As in other mammals, this small contribution is elevated in the calbindinpositive layers of the LGN motion; thalamocortical; thalamus; striate cortex; area 17; lateral geniculate body; lateral geniculate bodies

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Diversity Of Retinal and Lgn Direction Selectivity Across Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weak orientation and direction selectivity in lateral geniculate nucleus representing central vision in the gray squirrelSciurus carolinensis

Zaltsman

Heimel

Hooser

2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…Grating responses of most of the cells in the present study were reported previously (Cheong et al 2013;Tailby et al 2008b); all responses were reanalyzed for the present purpose.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal response properties of koniocellular (blue-on and blue-off) cells in marmoset lateral geniculate nucleus

Pietersen

Cheong

Solomon

et al. 2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Visual perception requires integrating signals arriving at different times from parallel visual streams. For example, signals carried on the phasic-magnocellular (MC) pathway reach the cerebral cortex pathways some tens of milliseconds before signals traveling on the tonic-parvocellular (PC) pathway. Visual latencies of cells in the koniocellular (KC) pathway have not been specifically studied in simian primates. Here we compared MC and PC cells to "blue-on" (BON) and "blue-off" (BOF) KC cells; these cells carry visual signals originating in short-wavelength-sensitive (S) cones. We made extracellular recordings in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of anesthetized marmosets. We found that BON visual latencies are 10-20 ms longer than those of PC or MC cells. A small number of recorded BOF cells (n = 7) had latencies 10-20 ms longer than those of BON cells. Within all cell groups, latencies of foveal receptive fields (<10° eccentricity) were longer (by 3-8 ms) than latencies of peripheral receptive fields (>10°). Latencies of yellow-off inputs to BON cells lagged the blue-on inputs by up to 30 ms, but no differences in visual latency were seen on comparing marmosets expressing dichromatic ("red-green color-blind") or trichromatic color vision phenotype. We conclude that S-cone signals leaving the LGN on KC pathways are delayed with respect to signals traveling on PC and MC pathways. Cortical circuits serving color vision must therefore integrate across delays in (red-green) chromatic signals carried by PC cells and (blue-yellow) signals carried by KC cells.

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“…They assume that any orientation selectivity observed in the feedforward input from the thalamus is through a process of excitatory convergence from LGN cells with circular RFs. Such an assumption ignores a large body of evidence for the presence of mild but significant biases to stimulus orientation seen in the responses of cells in the LGN [25][26][27][35][36][37][38] and the retina [39,40] of every species studied so far. In addition, excitatory convergence along the long axis of the RF is also not essential in models that propose either excitation and inhibition on a simple cell arising from two geniculate inputs with spatially offset RFs [32] (Figure 1E) or pooling of inputs from adjacent ON and OFF center units [30,31] ( Figure 1D).…”

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confidence: 99%

Origins of feature selectivities and maps in the mammalian primary visual cortex

Vidyasagar

Eysel

2015

Trends in Neurosciences

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A common feature of the mammalian striate cortex is the arrangement of 'orientation domains' containing neurons preferring similar stimulus orientations. They are arranged as spokes of a pinwheel that converge at singularities known as 'pinwheel centers'. We propose that a cortical network of feedforward and intracortical lateral connections elaborates a full set of optimum orientations from geniculate inputs that show a bias to stimulus orientation and form a set of two or a small number of 'Cartesian' coordinates. Because each geniculate afferent carries signals only from one eye and its receptive field (RF) is either ON or OFF center, the network constructs also ocular dominance columns and a quasi-segregation of ON and OFF responses across the horizontal extent of the striate cortex.

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Cortical-Like Receptive Fields in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of Marmoset Monkeys

Cited by 100 publications

References 84 publications

Weak orientation and direction selectivity in lateral geniculate nucleus representing central vision in the gray squirrelSciurus carolinensis

Weak orientation and direction selectivity in lateral geniculate nucleus representing central vision in the gray squirrelSciurus carolinensis

Temporal response properties of koniocellular (blue-on and blue-off) cells in marmoset lateral geniculate nucleus

Origins of feature selectivities and maps in the mammalian primary visual cortex

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