Cortical hyperexcitability in migraine and aversion to patterns

Haigh, Sarah M.; Karanovic, Olivera; Wilkinson, Frances; Wilkins, Arnold J.

doi:10.1177/0333102411433301

Cited by 43 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Gratings with large chromaticity separation have been reported to be perceived as uncomfortable to view, suggesting a relationship between discomfort and the amplitude of the cortical response . However, for Experiment 2, there was no significant difference in the amplitude of the oxyhaemoglobin response between the drifting, vibrating and static gratings, even though the moving gratings were perceived as more uncomfortable to view than static (Haigh et al, 2012). The amplitudes to all three gratings were relatively high, possibly because the oxyhaemoglobin response saturated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…10Hz vibrating frequency was associated with the highest probability of a photoparoxysmal response in patients with photosensitive epilepsy (Binnie et al, 1985). Achromatic gratings with a drifting or vibrating motion are particularly uncomfortable to view, when compared to a static grating (Haigh et al, 2012), and the vibrating motion is epileptogenic (Binnie et al, 1985). These stimuli vary in their 'strength' which should offer a range of cortical stimulation sufficient to measure any relationship between the amplitude and the shape of haemodynamic responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cortical excitability and the shape of the haemodynamic response

2015

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Individual differences in the temporal dynamics of the haemodynamic response can reflect cortical excitation and can reveal underlying cortical physiology. Here, we show differences in the shape of the haemodynamic response that are dependent on stimulus parameters. Two sets of visual stimuli were used varying in parameters that are known to manipulate the haemodynamic response in the visual cortex. We measured the oxyhaemoglobin response using near infrared spectroscopy. The first set of stimuli comprised chromatic square-wave gratings that varied with respect to the separation in the CIE UCS chromaticities of the alternating bars. The gratings with large separations in chromaticity evoked an oxyhaemoglobin response with greater amplitude, consistent with greater activation of the visual cortex. The second set of stimuli comprised horizontal achromatic gratings that (1) were static, (2) drifted at a constant velocity towards fixation, or (3) reversed direction every half spatial cycle to create a vertical vibrating motion. Although the three types of grating had a similar effect on the amplitude of the oxyhaemoglobin response, the moving gratings (2 and 3) evoked a steeper decrease in oxyhaemoglobin concentration after stimulus-offset. The steeper slope appears to reflect the poststimulus undershoot and the slope may provide a correlate of cortical excitability when the amplitude of the haemodynamic response has saturated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical excitability and the shape of the haemodynamic response

2015

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“…Haigh et al (2012a) reported that aversion from moving gratings was greater than aversion from a static grating. The gratings used here were similar to the gratings used by Haigh et al (2012a); therefore, we can be confident that the moving gratings were more aversive than the static grating. Once again there was no relationship between discomfort and accommodative response.…”

Section: Interim Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chromatic contrast, as well as luminance contrast, is known to contribute to visual discomfort (Haigh et al, 2012a;Haigh et al, 2012b;Wilkins et al, 2008). Wilkins et al (2008) measured the ratings of discomfort to a series of chromatic grating patterns that varied in the separation in chromaticity of the component bars.…”

Section: Experiments 1 Accommodation To Coloured Gratingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This absence of any relationship between discomfort and accommodative response was also found in the next set of experiments in which the accommodative response to a different set of uncomfortable grating patterns was measured that drift at a constant velocity are not epileptogenic, but gratings that drift at the same velocity but reverse direction (creating a vibrating motion) are highly epileptogenic (Binnie, Findlay & Wilkins, 1986). Haigh et al (2012a) reported differences in the contrast thresholds at which drifting, vibrating and static gratings became aversive. The drifting and vibrating gratings were more uncomfortable to view than static patterns.…”

Section: Experiments 3 Accommodation To Moving Gratingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accommodation to Uncomfortable Patterns

et al. 2013

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Grating patterns can cause discomfort and perceptual distortions. Individuals who experience discomfort and are susceptible to these distortions generally show weaker accommodation than those who are less susceptible. We measured the accommodative response to grating patterns known to differ in the discomfort they evoke because of differences in their colour, motion or spatial frequency. The parameters known to affect discomfort and distortion had no influence on the mean or variance in the accommodative response, even when accommodative demand was manipulated systematically and the accommodative response varied as expected.3

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Interhemispheric differences of fMRI responses to visual stimuli in patients with side‐fixed migraine aura

Hougaard

Amin

Hoffmann

et al. 2013

Human Brain Mapping

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Migraine sufferers with aura often report photosensitivity and visual discomfort outside of attacks and many consider bright or flickering light an attack-precipitating factor. The nature of this visual hypersensitivity and its relation to the underlying pathophysiology of the migraine aura is unknown. Using fMRI measurements during visual stimulation we examined the visual cortical responsiveness of patients with migraine with aura. We applied a within-patient design by assessing functional interhemispheric differences in patients consistently experiencing visual aura in the same visual hemifield. We recruited 20 patients with frequent side-fixed visual aura attacks (≥90% of auras occurring in the same visual hemifield) and 20 age and sex matched healthy controls and compared the fMRI blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) responses to visual stimulation between symptomatic and asymptomatic hemispheres during the interictal phase and between migraine patients and controls. BOLD responses were selectively increased in the symptomatic hemispheres. This was found in the inferior parietal lobule (P = 0.002), the inferior frontal gyrus (P = 0.003), and the superior parietal lobule (P = 0.017). The affected cortical areas comprise a visually driven functional network involved in oculomotor control, guidance of movement, motion perception, visual attention, and visual spatial memory. The patients also had significantly increased response in the same cortical areas when compared to controls (P < 0.05). We discovered a lateralized alteration of a visually driven functional network in patients with side-fixed aura. These findings suggest a hyperexcitability of the visual system in the interictal phase of migraine with visual aura.

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Cortical hyperexcitability in migraine and aversion to patterns

Cited by 43 publications

References 18 publications

Cortical excitability and the shape of the haemodynamic response

Cortical excitability and the shape of the haemodynamic response

Accommodation to Uncomfortable Patterns

Interhemispheric differences of fMRI responses to visual stimuli in patients with side‐fixed migraine aura

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