Cortical folding in Broca's area relates to obstetric complications in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls

Haukvik, Unn K.; Schaer, Marie; Nesvåg, Ragnar; McNeil, Thomas F.; Hartberg, Cecilie B.; Jönsson, Erik G.; Eliez, Stéphan; Agartz, Ingrid

doi:10.1017/s0033291711002315

Cited by 51 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…Various perinatal insults and defenses against these insults could result in a pattern of segregated cortical development. 33,34 Nevertheless, the lack of regional changes in the degree of cortical folding among the 4 study groups indicates that either these insults were widespread (not localized) but brief or were partially compensated by other factors controlling the morphogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Disorganized Gyrification Network Properties During the Transition to Psychosis

et al. 2018

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IMPORTANCEThere is urgent need to improve the limited prognostic accuracy of clinical instruments to predict psychosis onset in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. As yet, no reliable biological marker has been established to delineate CHR individuals who will develop psychosis from those who will not.OBJECTIVES To investigate abnormalities in a graph-based gyrification connectome in the early stages of psychosis and to test the accuracy of this systems-based approach to predict a transition to psychosis among CHR individuals. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESGyrification-based structural covariance networks (connectomes) were constructed to quantify global integration, segregation, and small-worldness. Group differences in network measures were assessed using functional data analysis across a range of network densities. The extremely randomized trees algorithm with repeated 5-fold cross-validation was used to delineate ARMS-T individuals from ARMS-NT individuals. Permutation tests were conducted to assess the significance of classification performance measures. RESULTSThe 4 study groups comprised 161 participants with mean (SD) ages ranging from 24.0 (4.7) to 25.9 (5.7) years. Small-worldness was reduced in the ARMS-T and FEP groups and was associated with decreased integration and increased segregation in both groups (Hedges g range, 0.666-1.050). Using the connectome properties as features, a good classification performance was obtained (accuracy, 90.49%; balanced accuracy, 81.34%; positive predictive value, 84.47%; negative predictive value, 92.18%; sensitivity, 66.11%; specificity, 96.58%; and area under the curve, 88.30%).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that there is poor integration in the coordinated development of cortical folding in patients who develop psychosis. These results further suggest that gyrification-based connectomes might be a promising means to generate systems-based measures from anatomical data to improve individual prediction of a transition to psychosis in CHR individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Disorganized Gyrification Network Properties During the Transition to Psychosis

et al. 2018

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“…This is consistent with our previous findings, from a different cohort, of a diagnosis-independent relationship between hypoxia-related OCs and decreased cortical folding in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. 39 If the smaller cortical area associated with lower BW interacts with, or adds to, other risk factors for developing psychosis, 7 and thereby constitutes a more severe constellation in subjects who already are at genetic risk for psychotic disorders, remains unknown and is an important topic for future research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal Birth Weight Variation Is Related to Cortical Morphology Across the Psychosis Spectrum

Haukvik

Rimol

Roddey

et al. 2013

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Background: Normal birth weight variation affects schizophrenia risk and cognitive performance in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Brain cortical anatomy is altered in psychotic disorders and in low birth weight subjects, but if birth weight variation relates to cortical morphology across the psychosis spectrum is not known. Methods: Magnetic Resonance Imaging brain scans and clinical-, neurocognitive-, and medical birth registry data were collected from 359 adults including patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia (n = 90, mean age 29.4 ± 10.2 [95% CI], 62% male), bipolar disorder (n = 79, age 29.4 ± 11.8, 39% male) or other psychosis (n = 40, age 26.3 ± 10.0, 56% male), and healthy controls (n = 140, age 30.8 ± 12.0,53% male). We explored the relationship between whole-range birth weight variation and cortical surface area and thickness and their possible associations to cognitive performance. Results: Across all groups, lower birth weight was associated with smaller total surface area (t = 3.87, P = .0001), within specific regions of the temporal, parietal, and frontal cortex bilaterally. There were no associations between birth weight and cortical thickness, and no diagnosis by birth weight interaction effects on cortical thickness or surface area. Smaller cortical area (t = 2.50, P = .013) and lower birth weight (t = 2.53, P = .012) were significantly related to poorer working memory performance in all diagnostic groups except schizophrenia. Conclusion: Birth weight relates to adult cortical surface area, but not cortical thickness, in patients across the psychosis spectrum and in healthy controls. Cortical area appears to be a diagnosis-independent general marker of early neurodevelopment, with a doseresponse association to normal birth weight variation.

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“…It is accepted that cortical folding reflects a person’s prenatal development (Regis et al, 2005) (as well as events from the first months of post-natal life (Schaer et al, 2009; Haukvik et al, 2011)). It follows that measuring the shape of the cortex, using three-dimensional cortical reconstructions, provides us with insight into early brain development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased frontal gyrification correlates with altered connectivity in children with autism

Schaer¹,

Ottet²,

Scariati³

et al. 2013

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

127

104

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The structural correlates of functional dysconnectivity in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been seldom explored, despite the fact that altered functional connectivity is one of the most frequent neuropathological observations in the disorder. We analyzed cerebral morphometry and structural connectivity using multi-modal imaging for 11 children/adolescents with ASD and 11 matched controls. We estimated regional cortical and white matter volumes, as well as vertex-wise measures of cortical thickness and local Gyrification Index (lGI). Diffusion Tensor Images (DTI) were used to measure Fractional Anisotropy (FA) and tractography estimates of short- and long-range connectivity. We observed four clusters of lGI reduction in patients with ASD, three were located in the right inferior frontal region extending to the inferior parietal lobe, and one was in the right medial parieto-occipital region. Reduced volume was found in the anterior corpus callosum, along with fewer inter-hemispheric frontal streamlines. Despite the spatial correspondence of decreased gyrification and reduced long connectivity, we did not observe any significant relationship between the two. However, a positive correlation between lGI and local connectivity was present in all four clusters in patients with ASD. Reduced gyrification in the inferior fronto-parietal and posterior medial cortical regions lends support for early-disrupted cortical growth in both the mirror neuron system and midline structures responsible for social cognition. Early impaired neurodevelopment in these regions may represent an initial substrate for altered maturation in the cerebral networks that support complex social skills. We also demonstrate that gyrification changes are related to connectivity. This supports the idea that an imbalance between short- and long-range white matter tracts not only impairs the integration of information from multiple neural systems, but also alters the shape of the brain early on in autism.

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Cortical folding in Broca's area relates to obstetric complications in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls

Cited by 51 publications

References 63 publications

Disorganized Gyrification Network Properties During the Transition to Psychosis

Disorganized Gyrification Network Properties During the Transition to Psychosis

Normal Birth Weight Variation Is Related to Cortical Morphology Across the Psychosis Spectrum

Decreased frontal gyrification correlates with altered connectivity in children with autism

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