Cortical barrel lesions impair whisker-CS trace eyeblink conditioning

Galvez, Roberto; Weible, Aldis P.; Disterhoft, John F.

doi:10.1101/lm.418407

Cited by 64 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…In fact, there is ample evidence to indicate that the brain structures necessary for delay conditioning (mainly cere- bellum) are different from those necessary for trace conditioning [mainly hippocampus; for example, see the study by Clark and Squire (1998)]. Also, Galvez et al (2007) showed that both acquisition and retention of a conditioned response in trace conditioning with whisker vibration as the CS require an intact barrel cortex, albeit this study was done in rabbits. Finally, settling this issue will require temporary lesions of barrel cortex during the execution of a detection task.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Integration of Vibrotactile Signals for Whisker-Related Perception in Rats Is Governed by Short Time Constants: Comparison of Neurometric and Psychometric Detection Performance

Stüttgen¹,

Schwarz²

2010

J. Neurosci.

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Rats explore environments by sweeping their whiskers across objects and surfaces. Both sensor movement and repetitive sweeping typical for this behavior require that vibrotactile signals are integrated over time. While temporal integration properties of neurons along the whisker somatosensory pathway have been studied extensively, the consequences for behavior are unknown. Here, we investigate the ability of headfixed rats to integrate information over time for the detection of near-threshold pulsatile deflection sequences applied to a single whisker. Psychometric detection performance was assessed with whisker stimuli composed of different numbers of pulses (1-31) delivered at varying frequencies (10, 20, 100 Hz). Detection performance indeed improved with increasing number and frequency of pulses, albeit this improvement was much lower than predicted by probabilistic combination, suggesting highly sublinear integration of pulses. This behavioral observation was reflected in the firing properties of concomitantly recorded barrel cortex neurons, which showed substantial response adaptation to repetitive whisker deflection. To estimate the integration time with which barrel cortex neuronal activity must be read out to match behavior, we constructed a model monitoring spiking activity of simulated neuronal pools, where spike trains were channeled through a leaky integrator with exponential decay. Detection was accomplished by simple threshold crossings. This simple model gave an excellent match of neurometric and psychometric data at surprisingly small time constants of 5-8 ms, thus limiting integration largely to Ͻ25 ms. This result carries important implications regarding sensory processing for whisker-mediated perception.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Integration of Vibrotactile Signals for Whisker-Related Perception in Rats Is Governed by Short Time Constants: Comparison of Neurometric and Psychometric Detection Performance

Stüttgen¹,

Schwarz²

2010

J. Neurosci.

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“…Whereas lesions or reversible inactivation of the cerebellum affect both delay and trace eyelid conditioning McCormick and Thompson 1984;Pakaprot et al 2009;Woodruff-Pak et al 1985), only trace conditioning is affected by lesions of forebrain structures such as the hippocampus, mPFC, and primary sensory cortex (Galvez et al 2007;Kim et al 1995;Moyer et al 1990;Powell et al 2001;Solomon et al 1986;Takehara et al 2003;Weible et al 2000). Thus it is possible that plasticity in these sites can contribute to the extinction of trace conditioned responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple sites of extinction for a single learned response

Kalmbach¹,

Mauk

2012

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Kalmbach BE, Mauk MD. Multiple sites of extinction for a single learned response. J Neurophysiol 107: 226 -238, 2012. First published September 21, 2011 doi:10.1152/jn.00381.2011.-Most learned responses can be diminished by extinction, a process that can be engaged when a conditioned stimulus (CS) is presented but not reinforced. We present evidence that plasticity in at least two brain regions can mediate extinction of responses produced by trace eyelid conditioning, where the CS and the reinforcing stimulus are separated by a stimulus-free interval. We observed individual differences in the effects of blocking extinction mechanisms in the cerebellum, the structure that, along with several forebrain structures, mediates acquisition of trace eyelid responses; in some rabbits extinction was prevented, whereas in others it was largely unaffected. We also show that cerebellar mechanisms can mediate extinction when noncerebellar mechanisms are bypassed. Together, these observations indicate that trace eyelid responses can be extinguished via processes operating at more than one site, one in the cerebellum and one upstream in forebrain. The relative contributions of these sites may vary from animal to animal and situation to situation.

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“…For example, lesions of the hippocampus (Solomon et al 1986;Moyer et al 1990), anterior cingulate cortex (Weible et al, 2000), and whisker barrel cortex (Galvez et al, 2007) can impair the acquisition of trace conditioning. Fundamentally, this difference must lie in the presence of the trace interval.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Delay and Trace Eyeblink Conditioning in the Primary Visual Cortex of the Rabbit

Miller

Weiss²,

Song

et al. 2008

J. Neurosci.

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The primary sensory cortices have been shown in recent years to undergo experience-and learning-related plasticity under a variety of experimental circumstances. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in parallel with both delay and trace eyeblink conditioning to image the learning-related functional activation within the primary visual cortex (V1) of awake, behaving rabbits. We expected that the differing level of forebrain dependence between these two conditioning paradigms should produce a differential blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional response in V1. Our results showed a significant expansion of activated volume within V1, particularly early in learning, after training with the more cognitively demanding trace paradigm. In contrast, the simpler delay paradigm produced an increase in the magnitude of the BOLD response in activated voxels, but no significant change in activated volume. No accompanying learning-related changes were observed in the primary somatosensory cortex, which mediates the unconditioned stimulus. These results suggest that the recruitment of additional neurons within V1 is necessary to support the more demanding memory imposed by the trace interval. To our knowledge, this work is the first functional imaging study to compare directly trace and delay eyeblink conditioning in an animal model.

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Cortical barrel lesions impair whisker-CS trace eyeblink conditioning

Cited by 64 publications

References 65 publications

Integration of Vibrotactile Signals for Whisker-Related Perception in Rats Is Governed by Short Time Constants: Comparison of Neurometric and Psychometric Detection Performance

Integration of Vibrotactile Signals for Whisker-Related Perception in Rats Is Governed by Short Time Constants: Comparison of Neurometric and Psychometric Detection Performance

Multiple sites of extinction for a single learned response

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Delay and Trace Eyeblink Conditioning in the Primary Visual Cortex of the Rabbit

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