Cortical Auditory Adaptation in the Awake Rat and the Role of Potassium Currents

Abolafia, Juan M.; Vergara, Ramiro; Arnold, María Marta; Reig, Ramón; Sánchez-Vives, María V.

doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq163

Cited by 57 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…In light of this, synaptic depression can be a potential mechanism underlying SSA (Chung et al, 2002;Rothman et al, 2009), since it is input specific and causes the responses of a neuron to depend on the previous history of afferent firing, enhancing its sensitivity to nonrepeated stimuli (Abbott et al, 1997;Rothman et al, 2009). Moreover, it is compatible with the participation of additional mechanisms linked to neuronal intrinsic properties (Abolafia et al, 2011), which can transform SSA at each level of the auditory pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Auditory Cortex Deactivation on Stimulus-Specific Adaptation in the Medial Geniculate Body

Antunes¹,

Malmierca²

2011

J. Neurosci.

115

121

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An animal's survival may depend on detecting new events or objects in its environment, and it is likely that the brain has evolved specific mechanisms to detect such changes. In sensory systems, neurons often exhibit stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA) whereby they adapt to frequently occurring stimuli, but resume firing when "surprised" by rare or new ones. In the auditory system, SSA has been identified in the midbrain, thalamus, and auditory cortex (AC). It has been proposed that the SSA observed subcortically originates in the AC as a higher-order property that is transmitted to the subcortical nuclei via corticofugal pathways. Here we report that SSA in the auditory thalamus of the rat remains intact when the AC is deactivated by cooling, thus demonstrating that the AC is not necessary for the generation of SSA in the thalamus. The AC does, however, modulate the responses of thalamic neurons in a way that strongly indicates a gain modulation mechanism. The changes imposed by the AC in thalamic neurons depend on the level of SSA that they exhibit.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Auditory Cortex Deactivation on Stimulus-Specific Adaptation in the Medial Geniculate Body

Antunes¹,

Malmierca²

2011

J. Neurosci.

115

121

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“…In the AC, their influence on spectral processing has been well established through direct intracellular recordings (Tan et al, 2004; Volkov and Galazjuk, 1991; Wehr and Zador, 2003) and application of GABA receptor agonists and antagonists (Kaur et al, 2004; Wang et al, 2002), but direct evidence of their contributions to temporal processing is lacking. Moreover, other neural mechanisms, such as spike frequency adaptation (Abolafia et al, 2011) and short-term synaptic depression (Bayazitov et al, 2013; Wehr and Zador, 2005) are pronounced in AC and have been hypothesized to dominate such history-dependent interactions. Assessing the role of inhibition is further complicated by the diversity of cortical interneurons, whose distinct contributions cannot be resolved by standard extracellular recording techniques or pharmacological methods and whose activity is profoundly affected by both behavioral state (Fu et al, 2014; Steriade et al, 2001) and anesthesia (Adesnik et al, 2012; Haider et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical Interneurons Differentially Regulate the Effects of Acoustic Context

2017

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SUMMARY Both behavioral and neural responses to sounds are generally modified by the acoustic context in which they are encountered. As an example, in the auditory cortex, preceding sounds can powerfully suppress responses to later, spectrally similar sounds—a phenomenon called forward suppression (FWS). Whether cortical inhibitory networks shape such suppression or whether it is wholly regulated by common mechanisms such as synaptic depression or spike frequency adaptation is controversial. Here, we show that optogenetically suppressing somatostatin-positive (Sst+) interneurons weakens forward suppression, often revealing facilitation in neurons that are normally forward-suppressed. In contrast, inactivating parvalbumin-positive (Pvalb+) interneurons strengthens forward suppression and alters its frequency dependence. In a simple network model, we show that these effects can be accounted for by differences in short-term synaptic dynamics of inputs onto Pvalb+ and Sst+ interneurons. These results demonstrate separate roles for somatostatin and parvalbumin interneurons in regulating the context dependence of auditory processing.

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“…2), while the opposite trend was less common (n ϭ 11). The response to the second stimulus was typically decreased as a result of auditory adaptation processes (Abolafia et al 2011b;Otazu et al 2009;Ulanovsky et al 2004). Substantial adaptation was observed both in onset responses ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cluster cutting (isolating single units from the multiunit recording data) was performed using an Off-Line Spike Sorter (OFSS, Plexon). Waveforms were sorted as in (Abolafia et al 2011b). Single units exhibited a recognizable refractory period (Ͼ1 ms) in their ISI histograms.…”

Section: Ethics Approval the Project Was Approved By The Animal Ethicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability and information content in auditory cortex spike trains during an interval-discrimination task

Abolafia

Martínez-García

Deco

et al. 2013

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Abolafia JM, Martinez-Garcia M, Deco G, Sanchez-Vives MV. Variability and information content in auditory cortex spike trains during an interval-discrimination task. J Neurophysiol 110: 2163-2174, 2013. First published August 14, 2013 doi:10.1152/jn.00381.2013.-Processing of temporal information is key in auditory processing. In this study, we recorded single-unit activity from rat auditory cortex while they performed an interval-discrimination task. The animals had to decide whether two auditory stimuli were separated by either 150 or 300 ms and nose-poke to the left or to the right accordingly. The spike firing of single neurons in the auditory cortex was then compared in engaged vs. idle brain states. We found that spike firing variability measured with the Fano factor was markedly reduced, not only during stimulation, but also in between stimuli in engaged trials. We next explored if this decrease in variability was associated with an increased information encoding. Our information theory analysis revealed increased information content in auditory responses during engagement compared with idle states, in particular in the responses to task-relevant stimuli. Altogether, we demonstrate that task-engagement significantly modulates coding properties of auditory cortical neurons during an interval-discrimination task. auditory processing; firing modulation; auditory cortex A RELEVANT ASPECT OF AUDITORY perception is the analysis of temporal information. Different studies have shown how single units of auditory cortex discriminate relevant temporal information for behavior (Bao et al. 2004;Fritz et al. 2007;Lemus et al. 2009;Polley et al. 2006). Temporal processing in auditory cortex has been previously studied by means of a number of experimental manipulations. Some studies have focused on interval production tasks (Merchant et al. 2008), discrimination of stimuli repetition rate (Bao et al. 2004;Fritz et al. 2007;Lemus et al. 2009;Polley et al. 2006), or frequency categorization of tones (Ohl et al. 2001;Selezneva et al. 2006). However, the mechanisms of temporal discrimination at the level of the cortical single unit are not well known. This issue was explored in a recent study where monkeys had to compare two acoustic flutter stimuli (Lemus et al. 2009). In that study, an absence of modulation of neuronal firing related to working memory or to decision components of the task was found. We were interested to explore the task-modulation of neuronal discharges to identical stimulation patterns, in particular in a task where the interval between stimuli would be behaviorally relevant. For that purpose, we devised an interval-discrimination task where the same patterns of auditory stimulation were carried out during engaged (correct choices provided reward) and in idle states (performance not required), and studied spontaneous and evoked firing patterns of single auditory cortical neurons.Studies of neural mechanisms of auditory processing in auditory cortex have reported both an increased excitability and respons...

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Cortical Auditory Adaptation in the Awake Rat and the Role of Potassium Currents

Cited by 57 publications

References 76 publications

Effect of Auditory Cortex Deactivation on Stimulus-Specific Adaptation in the Medial Geniculate Body

Effect of Auditory Cortex Deactivation on Stimulus-Specific Adaptation in the Medial Geniculate Body

Cortical Interneurons Differentially Regulate the Effects of Acoustic Context

Variability and information content in auditory cortex spike trains during an interval-discrimination task

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