Cortical and subcortical recordings in natural and artificially induced sleep in cats

Hess, R; Koella, Werner P.; Akert, K.

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(53)90055-8

Cited by 169 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In the case of natural sleep, our results indicate that spindles recorded from the frontal regions are longer and more numerous than those recorded not only from the subcortical structures, but also from the parieto-occipital regions of the cortex. These results seem to support, at first, the cortical theory of Hess, Koella, & Akert (1953). However, for Nembutal-induced sleep, we have observed that the duration and the number of spindles are about the same in different regions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…As mentioned by Hess, Koella, & Akert (1953) and confirmed by our data (Tables I and 2), the envelope and rate of occurrence of spindles vary according to the state of the preparation during natural as well as barbiturate sleeps. It is therefore necessary to study the results obtained for each preparation separately.…”

Section: Spindle Duration and Interspindle Intervalsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…It would seem, therefore, that the abundance of spindle activity in the frontal regions of the cortex does not imply necessarily that spindles originate from these regions, as suggested by Hess, Koella, & Akert (1953).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

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Some stochastic properties of sleep spindles

Vo-Ngoc

Poussart

Langlois

1973

Behav. Res. Meth. & Instru.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Spindle Duration and Interspindle Intervalsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Some stochastic properties of sleep spindles

Vo-Ngoc

Poussart

Langlois

1973

Behav. Res. Meth. & Instru.

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“…Not all of the observations of these initial sleep experiments were widely recognized among the research community. The physiological significance of Klaue's ''deep sleep'' was not immediately acknowledged by such researchers as Belgian physiologist Frederick Bremer, Swiss neurophysiologist Nobel Laureate W.R. Hess, Italian neurophysiologist Giuseppe Moruzzi, US neurophysiologists Horace W. Mogoun, as well many other scientists of that time (Bremer, 1936;Hess et al, 1953;Hess, 1954;Moruzzi and Magoun, 1949). As a result, for a long-time, faster and low-amplitude EEG activity was generally accepted as the typical EEG sign of arousal-until the first description of REM sleep by Aserinsky and Kleitman (1953a, b).…”

Section: Historical Background On Consciousness and Identification Ofmentioning

confidence: 96%

Neurobiological mechanisms for the regulation of mammalian sleep–wake behavior: Reinterpretation of historical evidence and inclusion of contemporary cellular and molecular evidence

Datta

MacLean

2007

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

268

249

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At its most basic level, the function of mammalian sleep can be described as a restorative process of the brain and body; recently, however, progressive research has revealed a host of vital functions to which sleep is essential. Although many excellent reviews on sleep behavior have been published, none have incorporated contemporary studies examining the molecular mechanisms that govern the various stages of sleep. Utilizing a holistic approach, this review is focused on the basic mechanisms involved in the transition from wakefulness, initiation of sleep and the subsequent generation of slow-wave sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Additionally, using recent molecular studies and experimental evidence that provides a direct link to sleep as a behavior, we have developed a new model, the cellular-molecular-network model, explaining the mechanisms responsible for regulating REM sleep. By analyzing the fundamental neurobiological mechanisms responsible for the generation and maintenance of sleep-wake behavior in mammals, we intend to provide a broader understanding of our present knowledge in the field of sleep research.

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“…Following the first recordings of the EEG by Hans Berger, several authors including Loomis et al noted in the 1930s that sleep is associated with a slowing of the electroencephalographic activity [7]. In 1953 Hess, Koella and Akert described the activated EEG of REM sleep in the cat, giving for this observation -in the absence of data on eye movements and muscle tone -, however, the wrong interpretation [8].…”

Section: Dream Theories Before the Discover Y Of Rem Sleep In 1953mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dreaming: a neurological view

2005

Swiss Arch Neurol Psychiatr

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SummaryBassetti CL, Bischof M,Valko P. Dreaming: a neurological view. Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatr 2005; 156:399-414. Dreaming is the mental activity of REM (and less commonly NREM) sleep. It is characterised by a perception of self, inner and outer world that is distinct from that of wakefulness. Neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies suggest that dreaming arises from activation of brainstem, thalamo-limbic and medial temporo-occipital areas and inactivation of dorsolateral prefrontal areas.Dream abnormalities in neurological disorders have poorly been studied. They include a reduction/cessation of dreaming (Charcot-Wilbrand syndrome), an increase in dream frequency, changes in dream contents and accompaniments (including REM sleep behaviour disorder) and the occurrence of dream-like experiences (hallucinations) during wakefulness and wake-sleep/sleep-wake transitions. Dream changes in association with neurological conditions including primary sleep disorders (e.g. narcolepsy, REM sleep behaviour disorder [RBD], nightmares), stroke and Parkinson's syndrome are reviewed.Assessment of altered dreaming and dreamlike experiences can be of clinical significance because of their diagnostic and therapeutic implications (RBD, hallucinations), prognostic significance (hallucinations) and distress that they can have for patients and their bed partners (e.g. nightmares, hallucinations, RBD). In addition, systematic studies of dream and dream-like experiences are expected to offer unique insights into the brain, mind and emotions of neurological patients.

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Cortical and subcortical recordings in natural and artificially induced sleep in cats

Cited by 169 publications

References 18 publications

Some stochastic properties of sleep spindles

Some stochastic properties of sleep spindles

Neurobiological mechanisms for the regulation of mammalian sleep–wake behavior: Reinterpretation of historical evidence and inclusion of contemporary cellular and molecular evidence

Dreaming: a neurological view

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