Cortical and subcortical brain atrophy in Parkinson's disease with visual hallucination

Abstract

VH in PD can occur due to distinctive neuroanatomical involvement.

Cognitive and neuroanatomical correlates of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review

“…Most of the earlier imaging studies that attempted to explore psychosis in patients with PD focused on the study of visual hallucination [78,[107][108][109][110][111][112][113] (See table 4). Previous reports suggest that VH in PD patients can be correlated either with cortical or subcortical atrophy [113].…”

“…Specifically, VH was associated with dysfunction of frontal lobe [78,109,[111][112][113], temporal lobe [78,110], cingulate cortex [112,113], hippocampus [112], parahippocampal, primary and secondary visual cortex [113], thalamus [78], precuneus and cerebellum [111]. A VBM study investigated grey and white matter alterations in PD patients with VH (Patients had mild to moderate disease stages, average disease duration was 10 years, average age at PD onset 53.6 and they were treated with Levodopa) [113]. This study reported grey matter reduction in the prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex and visual association areas in PD patients with VH.…”

Visual Hallucination and Pattern of Brain Degeneration in Parkinson's Disease

“…The PubMed search revealed seven studies that fulfilled our selection criteria [18,19,20,21,22,32,33]. No DTI-based study met the criteria, and only one VBM study analyzed subcortical structures [18].…”

“…No DTI-based study met the criteria, and only one VBM study analyzed subcortical structures [18]. Most studies controlled for or excluded subjects with dementia or cognitive impairment.…”

“…Previous in vivo neuroimaging studies have reported neurodegenerative changes in various brain areas related to hallucination in PD patients. As for now, the reported areas varied significantly in recent studies because there were heterogeneities in study populations, sample sizes, PD severity, nature of VH, status of cognitive impairment, antiparkinosonian medication effects, and imaging protocols [18,19,20,21,22,23]. …”