Cortical adrenal mitochondrial morphology changes in functional state: new insights

Isola, Raffaella; Solinas, Paola; Concettoni, Carolina; Atzeni, Francesco; Loy, Francesco; Diana, M; Isola, Michela; Giacchetti, Gilberta; Boscaro, Marco; Riva, Alessandro; Mariotti, Stefano

doi:10.1007/s00441-012-1533-2

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Similar aspects were described in the teleost Gasterosteus (Civinini et al, 2001;Civinini and Gallo, 2007). That is, the cells in phase 2 appear actively hormone secreting, due to their abundance in SER and mitochondria with densely packed tubulo vesicular cristae, sign of an active secreting stage (Isola et al, 2013). They undergo subsequently a stage (phase 3) in which there is a sort of partial autophagy with wide vesiculation, formation of the sacs and degeneration of organelles such as mitochondria.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

The adrenocortical homolog of the beluga sturgeon Huso huso (Chondrostei)

2014

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In the beluga sturgeon Huso huso we studied the cell structure and the presence of glycogen in the corticosteroidogenic tissue. In chondrosteans this tissue is the main component of the yellow bodies spread throughout the length of the kidney region and constitutes the adrenocortical homolog of the adrenal gland of higher vertebrates. This study showed that these cells are present according to four main cyclic phases in relation to different moments of their secretory activity. Moreover, differently from teleosts, they contain abundant lipidic material stored in droplets. At the electron microscopic observation the lipid content of the droplets may appear highly osmiophilic or lightly osmiophilic, or electron lucent if extracted by the fixation. According to the cell characteristics, three main zones may be considered: a peripheral zone in which the lipid droplets appear very electron dense, an intermediate zone with medium dense droplets, and a central zone with electron lucent droplets. In this latter, degenerative processes are frequent, while in the other zones the images suggest dedifferention processes. The three zones have not precise outlines, but there is a gradual and centripetal cell transformation from peripheral zone cells to intermediate zone cells and from these latter to central zone cells. While new cells differentiate in the most external band of the peripheral zone, in the central zone the cells degenerate. We suggested that the high osmiophily in the peripheral lipid droplets could be due to a high unsaturation of triglycerides and cholesterol esters. A progressive hydrolysis of fatty acids can modify the stored lipid content and its electron density. The β oxidation of the fatty acids could provide an energy source and the steroidogenic cells could so also accomplish an adipocyte like role. Even if rarely, contacts of the peripheral cells with chromaffin cells are present, indicating a possible paracrine action of the catechola mines on the cortisol secretion, as proved in other vertebrates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

The adrenocortical homolog of the beluga sturgeon Huso huso (Chondrostei)

2014

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“…The expansion of the zona reticularis is a hallmark of adrenarche (33) . In addition, it has been proposed that globular expansion of the mitochondrial cristae in the zona fasciculata correlates with steroidogenesis (34) . Both processes may lead to structural changes in the adrenal cortex resulting in decreased diffusion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparent diffusion coefficient of normal adrenal glands

Teixeira¹,

Elias²,

Leite³

et al. 2016

Radiol Bras

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ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility and reliability of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements of normal adrenal glands.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective study involving 32 healthy subjects, divided into two groups: prepubertal (PreP, n = 12), aged from 2 months to 12.5 years (4 males; 8 females); and postpubertal (PostP, n = 20), aged from 11.9 to 61 years (5 males; 15 females). Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) sequences were acquired at a 1.5 T scanner using b values of 0, 20, 500, and 1000 s/mm2. Two radiologists evaluated the images. ADC values were measured pixel-by-pixel on DW-MRI scans, and automatic co-registration with the ADC map was obtained.ResultsMean ADC values for the right adrenal glands were 1.44 × 10-3 mm2/s for the PreP group and 1.23 × 10-3 mm2/s for the PostP group, whereas they were 1.58 × 10-3 mm2/s and 1.32 × 10-3 mm2/s, respectively, for the left glands. ADC values were higher in the PreP group than in the PostP group (p < 0.05). Agreement between readers was almost perfect (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.84-0.94; p < 0.05).ConclusionOur results demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of performing DW-MRI measurements of normal adrenal glands. They could also support the feasibility of ADC measurements of small structures.

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“…For HRSEM analysis, labial fragments were fixed in a mixture of 0.2% paraformaldehyde and 0.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2) at room temperature for 15 min and then subjected to the OsO 4 maceration method modified by Riva, Congiu, and Faa (1993); Riva et al (2007) (Isola, Solinas, Concettoni, et al, 2013;Isola, Solinas, Loy, Mariotti, & Riva, 2010;Lilliu et al, 2015). Occasionally, the NaOH maceration method was applied to better preserve muscle cells (Riva et al, 2000).…”

Section: Hrsem Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity of human labial glands in response to cevimeline treatment

Loy

Isola

Masala

et al. 2021

The Anatomical Record

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Among the pathologies affecting the salivary glands, the Sjögren's syndrome (SS), an autoimmune disease, causes progressive destruction of the glandular tissue. The effect of SS is particularly evident on the labial glands and the morphological analysis of these minor glands is considered useful for diagnosis. Cevimeline hydrochloride (SNI), a selective muscarinic agonist drug, is one of the elective treatments for the hyposalivation due to SS, acting not only on major salivary glands, but also on labial glands since their secretion is primarily under parasympathetic control. Aim of this study is to describe the morphology of human labial glands treated with SNI by light, transmission, and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, a morphometric analysis was applied to the light and transmission electron microscopy micrographs to obtain data that were then compared with analogous data collected on control and carbachol-treated labial glands. Following SNI administration, the mucous tubules exhibited enlarged lumina, which were filled with a dense mucous secretion. Occasionally, small broken debris of the cells were retrieved into the lumen. In the mucous secretory cells, some mucous droplets fused to form a large vacuole-like structure. Similarly, the seromucous acini showed both dilated lumina and canaliculi. These above reported signs of secretion were confirmed through morphometric analysis and a milder action of SNI than carbachol on labial parenchyma was observed. This study confirmed that SNI also evoked secretion on labial glands and that its effect is more physiologic than that of the pan-muscarinic agonists.

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Cortical adrenal mitochondrial morphology changes in functional state: new insights

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

The adrenocortical homolog of the beluga sturgeon Huso huso (Chondrostei)

The adrenocortical homolog of the beluga sturgeon Huso huso (Chondrostei)

Apparent diffusion coefficient of normal adrenal glands

Reactivity of human labial glands in response to cevimeline treatment

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