Corruption and entrepreneurship: how formal and informal institutions shape small firm behavior in transition and mature market economies

Tonoyan, Vartuhí

doi:10.1108/sd.2011.05627fad.004

Cited by 151 publications

(252 citation statements)

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“…Corruption or acceptance of corruption in a society has been referred as an example of informal institutions especially in emerging economies (e.g. Peng et al 2008;Richey 2010;Tonoyan et al 2010). We further argue that the society's openness to the foreign ideas captured by national culture item in this study appropriately addresses the attitude to operations of foreign firms in host economies.…”

Section: Hypothesis 2a: High Informal Institutional Distance Leads Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of Institutional Distance and MNEs’ Host Country Experience on the Ownership Strategy in Cross-Border M&As in Emerging Economies

Arslan

Dikova

2015

Journal of Transnational Management

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ABTRACT:This paper analyzes ownership strategy in cross-border mergers and acquisitions (CB M&As) undertaken by the multinational enterprises (MNEs) in emerging economies. We use new institutional economics and organizational learning theories to hypothesize and empirically analyze the influence of formal and informal institutional distance, and MNEs' host country experience on the MNEs' choice between full and partial CB M&As. The empirical analysis is based on a sample of 184 CB M&As launched by MNEs in emerging economies. Our empirical results revealed that high formal and informal institutional distances lead to a preference for partial CB M&As however, MNEs' host country experience moderated the relationship between institutional distance and the MNEs' choice between full and partial CB M&As. We found that MNEs with prior investment experience in the focal emerging market opted for full CB M&As over partial CB M&As despite high formal and informal institutional differences.

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Section: Hypothesis 2a: High Informal Institutional Distance Leads Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of Institutional Distance and MNEs’ Host Country Experience on the Ownership Strategy in Cross-Border M&As in Emerging Economies

Arslan

Dikova

2015

Journal of Transnational Management

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“…complementing) or undermining (i.e. substituting) informal institutions Tonoyan, Strohmeyer, and Habib 2010;Krasniqi and Desai 2016;Hashi and Krasniqi 2011). Informal institutions can complement formal institutions if they create incentives to comply with the formal institutions, thereby addressing problems of social interaction and coordination and enhancing the efficiency of formal institutions (Baumol 1990;North 1990).…”

Section: Explaining Unregistered Employment: Theoretical Framing and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining individual- and country-level variations in unregistered employment using a multi-level model: evidence from 35 Eurasian countries

Krasniqi

Williams

2017

South East European Journal of Economics and Business

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The aim of this paper is to evaluate the individual- and country-level variations in unregistered employment. To analyse whether it is marginalised groups who are more likely to engage in unregistered employment and explain the country-level variations, a 2010 Life in Transition Survey (LiTS) involving 38,864 interviews in 35 Eurasian countries is reported. Multilevel logistic regression analysis reveals that younger age groups, the divorced, and those with fewer years in education, are more likely to be unregistered employed. On a country-level, meanwhile, the prevalence of unregistered employment is strongly associated with tax morale; the greater the asymmetry between informal and formal institutions, the greater is the prevalence of unregistered employment. It is also higher when GDP per capita as well as social distribution and state intervention (subsidies and transfers, social contribution expenditure, health expenditure) are lower. The paper concludes by discussing the theoretical and policy implications.

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“…A further reason for differentiation is provided by Tonoyan (2011) having investigated the East-West corruption gap. The author sees the reasons for corruption in less efficient financial and legal institutions with lacking enforcements, the perception of corruption as a generally existing business practice, and the existence of social networks, which might decrease opportunism.…”

Section: Reasons To Differentiatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding has direct connotations with and implications on research questions 4 and 5. Tonoyan's (2011) For social entrepreneurs from non-entrepreneurship or non-management background a more comprehensive and basic education and training in all management and leadership roles is suggested. Regarding the teaching and training methodology, a more inductive rather than deductive approach is suggested due to the often mentioned emphasis on 'learning by doing' and a lack of existing knowledge structures.…”

Section: Research Questions and Derived Recommendationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Entrepreneurship and Cross-Sectoral Partnerships in CEE Countries

Ruediger¹,

Mewaldt²,

Dolores³

2012

Entrepreneurship - Gender, Geographies and Social Context

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Corruption and entrepreneurship: how formal and informal institutions shape small firm behavior in transition and mature market economies

Cited by 151 publications

References 0 publications

Influences of Institutional Distance and MNEs’ Host Country Experience on the Ownership Strategy in Cross-Border M&As in Emerging Economies

Influences of Institutional Distance and MNEs’ Host Country Experience on the Ownership Strategy in Cross-Border M&As in Emerging Economies

Explaining individual- and country-level variations in unregistered employment using a multi-level model: evidence from 35 Eurasian countries

Social Entrepreneurship and Cross-Sectoral Partnerships in CEE Countries

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