Corrosion Resistant FBG-Based Quasi-Distributed Sensor for Crude Oil Tank Dynamic Temperature Profile Monitoring

Abstract

This article presents a corrosion resistant, maneuverable, and intrinsically safe fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based temperature optical sensor. Temperature monitoring is a critical activity for the oil and gas industry. It typically involves acquiring the desired parameters in a hazardous and corrosive environment. The use of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was proposed as a means of simultaneously isolating the optical fiber from the corrosive environment and avoiding undesirable mechanical tensions on the FBGs. The presented sensor head is based on multiple FBGs inscribed in a lengthy single mode fiber. The sensor presents an average thermal sensitivity of 8.82 ± 0.09 pm/°C, resulting in a typical temperature resolution of ~0.1 °C and an average time constant value of 6.25 ± 0.08 s. Corrosion and degradation resistance were verified by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy during 90 days exposure to high salinity crude oil samples. The developed sensor was tested in a field pilot test, mimicking the operation of an inland crude tank, demonstrating its abilities to dynamically monitor temperature profile.

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“…In the current work, we proposed a cost-effective modulation scheme composed by a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) mechanically driven by an acoustic signal containing the IoT information. FBGs have been broadly used in the sensing field such as overhead transmission line wire sag monitoring [8], liquid level monitoring [9], temperature [10], strain [11], and acceleration [12]. In this approach, we focused on the use of the FBG not as a sensor but rather as a modulator, which allows encoding the IoT device's information directly into wavelength shifting.…”

Enhancing Temperature Sensitivity Using Cyclic Polybutylene Terephthalate- (c-PBT-) Coated Fiber Bragg Grating

“…This is primarily due to their robust and compact form factors and easy fabrication process as well as the ability to be multiplexed, saving tremendous cost when multiple sensors are required [5,6]. Furthermore FBG sensors, unlike other optical sensors, are inherently immune to electromagnetic interference at large and are also spark safe, allowing them to be used in hazardous environments such as in the oil and gas industry [7,8]. There are also cases where optical sensors can be made to interact with electromagnetic waves based on the polarization rotation effect when the light travels within the core of the optical fiber, thus enabling new applications to be realized.…”

Design and Testing of a 2D Optical Fiber Sensor for Building Tilt Monitoring Based on Fiber Bragg Gratings

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