Corrosion of the Ruthenium Oxide Catalyst at the Anode of a Solid Polymer Electrolyte Cell

Weininger, J. L.; Russell, R. R.

doi:10.1149/1.2131700

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…However, to be able to reduce the noble metal loading of both anode and cathode layer, individual optimization is necessary and a reference electrode must be used. [109] studied the MEAs by electron microscopy after water electrolysis and found a line of RuO 2 particles within the membrane at a distance of 2-8 µm away from the anode layer. It was believed that a pH gradient was produced through the membrane and that dissolved Ru-species precipitated when exceeding its solubility limit at a certain pH.…”

Section: This Section Shows the Basic Characteristics Of The Spe-cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Adams method was chosen mainly due to its simpleness and because of previous reports on using this method in SPE electrolysis [101,109,117]. However, detailed descriptions of the preparation procedure is not easy to obtain and even when following a description given in the literature, the results typically deviates between different laboratories due to small differences in the preparation process.…”

Section: Effect Of Annealing the Iro 2 Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrocatalysis in water electrolysis with solid polymer electrolyte

Rasten

2003

Electrochimica Acta

390

220

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Section: This Section Shows the Basic Characteristics Of The Spe-cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Annealing the Iro 2 Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocatalysis in water electrolysis with solid polymer electrolyte

Rasten

2003

Electrochimica Acta

390

220

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“…Polymeric Cation-Exchange Membranes: Nafion-based membranes are the best-known representatives of CEMs. Due to their chemical stability, excellent ionic conductivity, and ion selectivity, Nafion was originally used as a separator in electrochemical cells, particularly in context of the chlor-alkali electrolysis, [140] in metal-ion recovery, sensors, [141] water electrolysis, [142] and fuel cells. [140a,142a] Nafion is the trade name of a copolymer that was developed by the DuPont Company, more precisely by Walter Grot, in 1962.…”

Section: Ion-exchange Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymers for Battery Applications—Active Materials, Membranes, and Binders

Saal

Hagemann

Schubert

2020

Advanced Energy Materials

105

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both large-and small-scale energy storage, ranging from large pumped hydroelectric storage to very small battery cells for handheld devices.Secondary batteries are among the more promising energy storage technologies, with a wide range of applications. [4] Since the development of the lead acid battery in the second half of the 19th century (Gaston Planté, 1860), a broad range of batteries has been invented. [5] Notable examples are the nickel/cadmium cell (1899) [6] and the lithium-ion battery, which was developed in the 1970s. [7] Today, batteries are omnipresent in the everyday lives of a large part of the world's population. They find application in numerous fields, ranging from handheld or portable devices to electric vehicles (including vehicles with combustion engines) to large-scale energy storage for renewable sources. [8] Each field has unique requirements for the applied batteries, therefore different battery types have been developed to meet the demands.The most dominant type of secondary batteries for modern devices is the lithium-ion battery. Lithium-ion batteries possess high energy densities, good rate capabilities, and a long cycle life. Since their commercialization in 1991, they have been applied in many portable devices, electric vehicles and even in large-scale energy storage systems. [7] Since 2000, the share of the worldwide produced lithium for application in batteries (35% of the total production in 2015) has increased by 20% per year. [9] Another, less known battery type is the redox-flow battery (RFB). With their independent scalability of capacity and power, they are in particular interesting for large-scale storage of renewable energy with regard to grid stability. [10] A recent, so far not commercially available type of batteries is the organic battery. Here, an organic compound (small molecule or polymer) is responsible for charge storage. Organic batteries offer high rate capabilities, cheap starting materials, and are less environmentally challenging compared to metalbased batteries. Possible fields of application are small, lightweight, and easily recyclable products. [11] None of the above-mentioned batteries would work without polymers. Polymers can be found in the electrodes, where they act as binders, ensuring a good adhesion and contact among the different materials. Furthermore, many membranes are based on polymers. Here, the macromolecules have to be ionconducting as well as mechanically and chemically robust. In addition, organic batteries rely on polymeric active materials. This review discusses the diverse possibilities polymers haveIn the light of an ever-increasing energy demand, the rising number of portable applications, the growing market of electric vehicles, and the necessity to store energy from renewable sources on large scale, there is an urgent need for suitable energy storage systems. In most batteries, the energy is stored by exploiting metals or metal-ion-based reactions. However, nearly every modern battery would not function without the help of polymer...

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“…Cells usually have a bipolar configuration. The electrocatalysts are bonded to each side of the membrane (15), and the resulting SPE is a structurally stable membrane-electrode assembly as shown in Figure 1. A multi-layer package of expanded metal screens which presses up against the electrode on one side serves as the current collector and fluid distributor.…”

Section: Applications Of Polymer Membranes 4fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electrocatalyst, in the form of fine powder (15), can be produced by the Adams method (18). It is first mixed with PTFE emulsion solution such that the catalyst/PTFE ratio is 80:20 (19).…”

Section: Applications Of Polymer Membranes 4fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Perfluorosulfonated Polymer Membranes in Fuel Cells, Electrolyzers, and Load Leveling Devices

Yeo¹

1982

ACS Symposium Series

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The basic components of an electrochemical cell are a pair of electrodes and the electrolyte. A cell separator is often used to inhibit direct physical mixing of reactant/product for better cell performance. The separator could be either a microporous diaphragm or an ion exchange membrane. Scientists at General Electric had the great idea that ion exchange membranes could serve as both the separator and the sole electrolyte for electrochemical cells, especially fuel cells (1). Extensive work by Grubb (2) and by others (3,4) has proved the idea to be a sound one.The subject has been reviewed by Niedrach and Grubb (5) and by Maget (6).During the last two decades, tremendous work has been conducted on properties of ion exchange membranes, their behavior under various environmental conditions, and their interaction with electrodes as well as in determining the limiting factors influencing operation and cell life.

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Corrosion of the Ruthenium Oxide Catalyst at the Anode of a Solid Polymer Electrolyte Cell

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Electrocatalysis in water electrolysis with solid polymer electrolyte

Electrocatalysis in water electrolysis with solid polymer electrolyte

Polymers for Battery Applications—Active Materials, Membranes, and Binders

Applications of Perfluorosulfonated Polymer Membranes in Fuel Cells, Electrolyzers, and Load Leveling Devices

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