Corrosion of phosphate added high-chrome refractory materials in an entrained-flow gasifier

Liu, Kuiyu; Guo, Qinghua; Xu, Fang; Raheem, Abdul; Gong, Yan; Li, Hongxia; Yu, Guangsuo

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.01.271

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Between the Cr 2 O 3 -rich working refractory in contact with slag, and the Al 2 O 3 -rich backup refractory located behind the working refractory, AlPO 4 deposits were found . Based on thermodynamic equilibrium calculations, it was suggested that AlPO 4 in the hot working refractory decomposed, resulting in release of phosphorus oxides. , When the phosphorus oxides migrate inward to the colder backup Al 2 O 3 -rich refractory, the reverse reaction occurred resulting in the observed AlPO 4 deposits. ,, The decomposition of AlPO 4 in the hot part of the refractory was also hypothesized to increase the partial pressure of oxygen locally, which favors formation of Fe 3+ over Fe 2+ in the slag . Altering the oxidation state of iron was suggested to increase slag viscosity and thereby improve corrosion resistance, and also limit the formation of spinel; (Fe,Mg)(Cr,Al) 2 O 4 , believed to cause spalling …”

Section: Application Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…704 Based on thermodynamic equilibrium calculations, it was suggested that AlPO 4 in the hot working refractory decomposed, resulting in release of phosphorus oxides. 704,707 When the phosphorus oxides migrate inward to the colder backup Al 2 O 3rich refractory, the reverse reaction occurred resulting in the observed AlPO 4 deposits. 704,706,707 The decomposition of AlPO 4 in the hot part of the refractory was also hypothesized to increase the partial pressure of oxygen locally, which favors formation of Fe 3+ over Fe 2+ in the slag.…”

Section: Interaction With Oxygenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…704,707 When the phosphorus oxides migrate inward to the colder backup Al 2 O 3rich refractory, the reverse reaction occurred resulting in the observed AlPO 4 deposits. 704,706,707 The decomposition of AlPO 4 in the hot part of the refractory was also hypothesized to increase the partial pressure of oxygen locally, which favors formation of Fe 3+ over Fe 2+ in the slag. 705 Altering the oxidation state of iron was suggested to increase slag viscosity and thereby improve corrosion resistance, and also limit the formation of spinel; (Fe,Mg)(Cr,Al) 2 O 4 , believed to cause spalling.…”

Section: Interaction With Oxygenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…704 Similar results were obtained by others. 706,707 Vaporization and migration of phosphorus species seemed also to have occurred because phosphorus was also found in bricks without phosphate addition. 704 contact with slag, and the Al 2 O 3 -rich backup refractory located behind the working refractory, AlPO 4 deposits were found.…”

Section: Interaction With Oxygenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Phosphorus Chemistry in the Thermal Conversion of Biomass: Progress and Perspectives

et al. 2023

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Phosphorus is vital for all life, which means that phosphorus is present in all biomass to some extent. Some types of biomass, such as certain agricultural residues, animal biomass, and sewage sludge, contain high levels of phosphorus. In thermal conversion of biomass, high levels of phosphorus can cause various operational problems. Extensive work has been carried out to understand the phosphorus chemistry taking place at higher temperatures. However, until now, knowledge about transformation chemistry and fate of phosphorus during thermal conversion of biomass was not easily accessible in one place. In this work, the outcome of an extensive literature review has been summarized. First, an introduction to the role of phosphorus in biomass, and in what forms it may be present, is given. Different analytical techniques relevant for characterization of phosphorus in biomass, biomass char, and biomass ash are described. A classification of phosphorus-rich biomass is proposed, and the potential of different phosphorus-rich biomass types is presented. To provide a common basis for the field of high-temperature phosphorus chemistry, fundamental chemistry relevant for thermal conversion of biomass is first discussed. This includes the gas phase chemistry and reaction pathways of light phosphorus species, pyrolysis, and combustion of organophosphorus compounds, and solid, liquid, and gaseous interactions with other ash-forming elements. Thereafter, an in-depth review of phosphorus transformations in biomass, including decomposition of organic phosphorus, ash transformations in the condensed phase, release to the gas phase, and formation of particulate matter in the flue gas follows. Finally, the review covers research focusing on phosphorus in different application aspects, such as the use of phosphorus as an additive to mitigate operational problems related to slag and deposit formation, the behavior of phosphorus in fluidized bed technologies, corrosion, and the deactivation of SCR catalysts.

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