Corrosion of copper and silver plates by volcanic gases

Watanabe, Masamitsu; Hokazono, A.; Handa, Tomohiro; Ichino, Toshihiro; Kuwaki, Nobuo

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2005.12.009

Cited by 47 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Based on literature survey and extensive internal testing within Alcatel-Lucent, both in the field and in controlled laboratory environments, [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] the parameters of the MFG test were chosen to simulate the worst field conditions which can be encountered in Asia, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe. The test conditions represent Battelle class IV and ISA class G2 and are summarized in Table II.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion of RoHS-Compliant Surface Finishes in Corrosive Mixed Flowing Gas Environments

Hannigan

Reid

Collins

et al. 2011

Journal of Elec Materi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion of RoHS-Compliant Surface Finishes in Corrosive Mixed Flowing Gas Environments

Hannigan

Reid

Collins

et al. 2011

Journal of Elec Materi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…17 This might result from a higher deposition rate of chloride outdoors and is different than indoor exposure of Ag where Ag 2 S is more dominant than AgCl.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Ag Corrosion Products

Lin

Frankel

Abbott

2013

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The corrosion behavior of Ag in outdoor environments and in a salt spray chamber was investigated. The coulometric reduction technique was applied to identify various silver corrosion products including Ag 2 SO 4 and AgO. These corrosion products were observed on samples exposed in certain field environments. A plateau in the coulometric reduction curve associated with metastable hydrogen evolution was observed under conditions in which a considerable amount of Ag 2 S was formed and reduced. Soluble silver chloride complexes were the dominant corrosion product, instead of insoluble AgCl, when the chloride deposition rate was high enough. Under those conditions, the corrosion rate measured by coulometric reduction is lower than the actual corrosion rate. Ag particles formed on the surface during exposure to different environments. During exposure in a marine environment, photodecomposition of AgCl corrosion product resulted in the formation of Ag nanoparticles embedded in AgCl. Isolated Ag particles of a few micrometers in size formed during exposure in a salt spray chamber due to the high exchange current density for the Ag/Ag + reaction. Ag is used in electronics applications, utensils, and decorative arts. Its corrosion behavior in indoor environments 1-3 and in lab chambers containing sulfur 4-11 has been studied. Ag 2 S is the main corrosion product and the kinetics of its formation rate usually are linear. The sulfidation rate of Ag increases as the concentration of H 2 S and carbonyl sulfide increase. Both of them generate HS − on the Ag surface in the presence of water and then HS − reacts with Ag to result in sulfidation.12 Therefore, humidity is critical for Ag sulfidation. The sulfidation rate stays low as long as the relative humidity (RH) is less than 35% but it increases significantly as the RH increases up to 95%. 6Recently it was reported that the corrosion rate of other metals such as carbon steel or aluminum alloys correlates with the concentration of atmospheric chlorides as assessed by the amount of AgCl formed on Ag.13 Ag has been used as an atmospheric corrosion monitor to measure environmental corrosivity, 13 which has attracted attention to the corrosion behavior of Ag in the field. Some interesting and maybe unique aspects of Ag outdoor corrosion have been reported. However, the details of how Ag corrodes in the field are not yet clear.Previous research shows that AgCl and Ag 2 S are the two most common corrosion products in the field, with AgCl usually dominating [14][15][16] except near a volcano with high emission of H 2 S where Ag 2 S is dominant.17 This might result from a higher deposition rate of chloride outdoors and is different than indoor exposure of Ag where Ag 2 S is more dominant than AgCl.12 Surprisingly, no AgCl was observed on the surface of Ag after exposure in an ASTM B117 salt spray chamber.14 One reason for studying the corrosion behavior of Ag is to clarify this discrepancy in behavior between field exposure and a supposedly accelerated laboratory test. Enhancing the...

show abstract

“…27) We believe that there is a reduction route of bisulfite ions as follows. For copper, the bisulfite seen in the S 2p XPS spectra originated from SO 2 adsorption on the surface electrolyte, as shown in equation (1). Although Chawla and Payer reported the formation of copper sulfide (Cu 2 S) in the early stage of copper corrosion with 0.5 SO 2 , 28) we did not detect any sulfide component (Fig.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 73%

“…A previous study showed that silver and copper plates exposed to the atmosphere were severely corroded following the volcanic eruption on Miyake Island in 2000. 1) Much effort has been expended on clarifying the effects of SO 2 on atmospheric silver and copper corrosion. A number of laboratory experiments have been reported regarding the effects of exposure to high SO 2 concentrations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative XPS Study of Silver and Copper Surfaces Exposed to Flowing Air Containing Low Concentration of Sulfur Dioxide

Watanabe

Andō²,

Handa

et al. 2007

ZAKAEP

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), a typical gaseous compound found in the atmosphere, corrodes metals, particularly outdoors. When SO 2 adsorbs on the surface electrolyte, it easily dissolves, resulting in the formation of protons (H ) and bisulfite ions (HSO 3 ). The former reduces the pH of the surface electrolyte, which promotes metal dissolution.Silver and copper are commonly used in the electronic components and devices typically found in telecommunication equipment. Since silver and copper are affected by SO 2 , it is important to know the effects of SO 2 on their corrosion behavior to predict the life expectancy of the equipment. Such knowledge would also be useful for coping with anomalous situations, such as volcanic eruptions, in which the SO 2 concentration can exceed several hundred ppb. A previous study showed that silver and copper plates exposed to the atmosphere were severely corroded following the volcanic eruption on Miyake Island in 2000. 1)Much effort has been expended on clarifying the effects of SO 2 on atmospheric silver and copper corrosion. A number of laboratory experiments have been reported regarding the effects of exposure to high SO 2 concentrations. 2) 15)Using infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS), Persson and Leygraf showed that sulfite formed on the surface of copper during the initial stage when it was exposed to 0.21 ppm SO 2 in flowing air at 80 relative humidity (RH).16) In situ analysis using IRAS and a quartz crystal microbalance by Ito et al.17) 18) revealed that sulfite like CuSO 3 Cu 2 SO 3 2H 2 O (Chevreul's salt) and sulfate CuSO 4 5H 2 O formed as corrosion products on copper exposed to flowing air containing 10 ppm SO 2 at 80 RH. Moreover, the formation rate of sulfite was higher than that of sulfate in the very early stage. 17) 18) In contrast, the sulfidation rate by SO 2 for silver is much lower than that by reduced sulfur species, such as H 2 S and COS. 12) Since SO 2 is considered to be a weak corrosive agent for silver, the effect of SO 2 on atmospheric silver corrosion in the initial stage has received little attention.In this study, the chemical state of the sulfur was investigated when silver and copper plates were exposed for one hour to flowing air containing low concentrations of SO 2 . Since the electrochemical reactions occur at the metal/ electrolyte interface in the early stage of corrosion, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used. The SO 2 concentrations were 18 and 148 ppb ; the former is at least one order of magnitude lower than those in previous studies. 16) 18)The silver and copper plates were 99.99 pure and 5 5 0.1 mm in size. Their surfaces were sputtered with 3 kV Ar ions to clean them. The sputtering was conducted until both carbon and oxygen were not detected in the XPS spectra, as described elsewhere. Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) is a typical gas affecting the atmospheric corrosion of metals, particularly outdoors. Although many studies have investigated the effect of SO 2 on the atmospheric corrosion of silver and copper, little is ...

show abstract

Corrosion of copper and silver plates by volcanic gases

Cited by 47 publications

References 20 publications

Corrosion of RoHS-Compliant Surface Finishes in Corrosive Mixed Flowing Gas Environments

Corrosion of RoHS-Compliant Surface Finishes in Corrosive Mixed Flowing Gas Environments

Analysis of Ag Corrosion Products

Comparative XPS Study of Silver and Copper Surfaces Exposed to Flowing Air Containing Low Concentration of Sulfur Dioxide

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About