Corrosion of 316 stainless steel in high temperature molten Li2BeF4 (FLiBe) salt

Zheng, Guiqiu; Kelleher, Brian; Cao, Guoping; Anderson, Mark; Allen, Todd R.; Sridharan, Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.03.004

Cited by 90 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Pi Li et al researched the permeation behaviors of tritium in the candidate structural materials of FHRs with the method of gas‐driven permeation . Guiqiu Zheng examined the corrosion behavior of 316 stainless steel and Hastelloy N before and after neutron irradiation . However, little work has been carried out on establishing a comprehensive model about tritium transport behaviors in FHRs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 Guiqiu Zheng examined the corrosion behavior of 316 stainless steel and Hastelloy N before and after neutron irradiation. 25,26 However, little work has been carried out on establishing a comprehensive model about tritium transport behaviors in FHRs. John Stempien developed a primary model of tritium transport with MATLAB code, 27 but it has not been applied to analyze a reactor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of tritium transport characteristics in a transportable fluoride-salt-cooled high-temperature reactor

et al. 2017

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Summary Tritium management is one of the most critical issues that limit the development of fluoride‐salt‐cooled high‐temperature reactor (FHR); therefore, it is important to figure out the tritium transport characteristics in FHRs. In this paper, 3 works concerning about tritium in FHR are conducted: first, the tritium transport characteristics in the primary loop of FHRs are introduced, including tritium production and speciation, the absorption and desorption by graphite, dissolution and diffusion in molten salt, and permeation through structural materials. Second, the physical and mathematical models are established for tritium transport characteristic analysis in a transportable FHR (TFHR). The tritium transport characteristic analysis code (TAPAS) for TFHR is developed and benchmarked. The results prove the fidelity and accuracy of TAPAS. Finally, the tritium transport characteristics in the TFHR are analyzed systematically by TAPAS. Three conclusions are obtained: (1) tritium in the primary coolant loop is mainly in the form of T2; (2) when TFHR operates at steady state, the permeation rate of T2 can be regarded as a constant (9.03 × 109 Bq ⋅ EFPD−1); and (3) 7Li enrichment and redox potential of molten salt have great influence on the tritium distribution. This work might provide contribution to the tritium control in FHRs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of tritium transport characteristics in a transportable fluoride-salt-cooled high-temperature reactor

et al. 2017

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“…Experiments conducted by Kondo et al (2009aKondo et al ( ), (2009b for fusion reactors suggest that 316L stainless steel is a promising candidate material for the CWHE tubes due to its corrosion resistance towards Li 2 BeF 4 (flibe) foreseen for the air/SCO 2 cooled FHR design. Similarly promising results were later confirmed by Zheng et al (2015) who ran their experiments to specifically understand the corrosion behavior in FHR heat exchangers. In addition to the benevolent corrosion behavior of 316L towards flibe Ganesan and Ganesan (1998) examined the relatively good corrosion resistance of annealed 316L towards sodium, another candidate coolant for the reactor design with S-CO 2 cycle.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Tube expansion and diffusion bonding of 316L stainless steel tube-to-tube sheet joints using a commercial roller tube expander

Haneklaus

Reuven

Cionea

et al. 2016

Journal of Materials Processing Technology

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Diffusion bonding is a solid-state welding technique to join metallic and non-metallic materials. Due to geometrical considerations, fabrication and possible materials choices diffusion bonding was chosen here to support tube-to-tube sheet joints of large coil-wound heat exchangers (CWHE) made from 316L stainless steel. In contrast to traditional diffusion bonding where pressure is applied constantly during heat treatment, pressure is applied here initially prior to heat treatment using a commercial three roller tube expander. Processing parameters of this novel approach are presented in this study. Mechanical pull-out tests were conducted to evaluate if the manufactured joints are sufficiently bond to guarantee safe operation of the device. It was found that diffusion bonding followed tube expansion increases the pull-out force nearly threefold from a mean of 3.4 kN to 9.2 kN at which level the tube ruptures so that higher loads could not be measured. Tube-to-tube sheet joints fabricated using tube expansion and diffusion bonding met the engineering requirement, tube rupture against mechanical pull-out, set for this study.

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“…All three heat exchangers for steam generation are accommodated in a single unit, very similar to current boiler operations for electricity generation. Recent investigations have shown that 700 ºC is approximately the maximum limit for economically using stainless steel in designs with high temperature molten salts [35][36][37]. For this reason a slightly more conservative temperature of 675 ºC is chosen as the maximum salt temperature, i.e.…”

Section: Case Study 2: Greenfield Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel heat exchanger concept for latent heat thermal energy storage in solar power towers: Modelling and performance comparison

Badenhorst

2016

Solar Energy

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Highlights• Study introduces spray crystallization as phase change heat recovery option.• Can be directly incorporated into tower of central power tower designs.• Particle diameter found to be largest single influence of tower height.• Prilling feed system identified as critical for further investigation.• Best case result indicates a 20% reduction in plant capital cost is achievable. AbstractThis study presents an innovative new alternative for utilizing phase change materials as energy storage media in solar power towers. The solar power tower prilling or granulation concept combines the existing molten salt design with a prilling tower incorporated into the central receiver. In this way heat transfer limitations normally associated with these systems can be overcome since only very small particles (diameter 1-2 mm) are utilized. Three design cases were considered and a detailed model of the process was developed. The model demonstrates the design dependence on several key variables including particle diameter and the necessity of considering the system in conjunction with the steam generation cycle. Pinch considerations within this cycle and the tower itself determine the operational feasibility. It was found that the receiver design and prilling feed systems are crucial aspects which must be investigated further to refine the concept design and complete a full techno-economic assessment and optimization. The "best case scenario" resulted in a reduction of the circulating salt flow by one third compared to the base case. Preliminary indications are that this would result in a 20% reduction of the * Corresponding author. Tel: +27 12 420 4989. Fax: +27 12 420 2516. E-mail: carbon@up.ac.za 2 overall plant capital cost, but additional costs such as solids handling and a complex receiver design have to be taken into account.

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Corrosion of 316 stainless steel in high temperature molten Li2BeF4 (FLiBe) salt

Cited by 90 publications

References 21 publications

Study of tritium transport characteristics in a transportable fluoride-salt-cooled high-temperature reactor

Study of tritium transport characteristics in a transportable fluoride-salt-cooled high-temperature reactor

Tube expansion and diffusion bonding of 316L stainless steel tube-to-tube sheet joints using a commercial roller tube expander

A novel heat exchanger concept for latent heat thermal energy storage in solar power towers: Modelling and performance comparison

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