Corrosion of 18-8 Alloy Furnace Tubes in High-Temperature Vapor Phase Cracking Service

Camp, E. Q.; Phillips, Cecil; Gross, Lewis

doi:10.5006/0010-9312-1.3.149

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…At the same time, heavily carburized metal is observed beneath the pitted areas. [4] The phenomenon of metal dusting was first documented by Pattinson [5] in 1876, and similar exploratory reports were later published in 1945, [6] 1947, [7] and 1959. [8][9][10] In 1966, Hochman and Burson [11] studied the corrosion mechanism in more detail and laid the foundation for the current understanding of the phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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A Model for High-Temperature Pitting Corrosion in Nickel-Based Alloys Involving Internal Precipitation of Carbides, Oxides, and Graphite

Albertsen

Grong

Walmsley

et al. 2008

Metall Mater Trans A

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The present investigation is concerned with fundamental studies of the mechanisms of pitting corrosion in the Ni-based alloys 602 and 693, following long-term exposure to syngas at 540°C and a 35-bar total pressure. The 4-years' plant-exposed alloys were examined using synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) in combination with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is concluded that the pitting corrosion attacks start when carbon diffuses into the bulk of the alloys following the breakdown of the protective Cr 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 surface oxide layer. During the incubation period, this oxide layer provides an effective barrier against carbon intrusion by virtue of its ability to restore cracks and flaws through diffusion. The corrosion pits then grow by a process of internal carburization and oxidation, in which carbides, oxides, and graphite form separately within an approximately 30-lm-thick belt in front of the pits (referred to as the white zone). In particular, the oxidation of the internal Cr 3 C 2 carbides occurring close to the white zone/pit interface is associated with large volume changes. This volume expansion results in the buildup of high mechanical stresses within the white zone and, eventually, to the complete disintegration of the original alloy matrices into a layered pit microstructure consisting of Ni + Fe and Cr 2 O 3 + Al 2 O 3 + graphite. The observed microstructural changes have been rationalized through detailed modeling of the physical reactions involved, leading to the development of new and comprehensive models for high-temperature pitting corrosion in Ni-based alloys.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…This means that the classical Wagner model [65,66] for internal oxidation/carburization is a special solution of Eqs. [5] and [6].…”

Section: Carbon Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model for High-Temperature Pitting Corrosion in Nickel-Based Alloys Involving Internal Precipitation of Carbides, Oxides, and Graphite

Albertsen

Grong

Walmsley

et al. 2008

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…Chromium oxide is stable and can protect the alloy from metal dusting corrosion. Similar to Alloy 800H, the intensity of the pre-edge of iron in oxide scale in Alloy 312 is between Fe in spinel could be reduced in metal dusting environment, 1,19 the protective capacity of the oxide scale is easy to be destroyed. .14 shows that the excitation energy from 1S to 4P increases, when the X-ray nanobeam was scanned from inner to outer layer.…”

Section: X-ray Nano-beam Studiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…It is a major issue in plants for the production of hydrogen, ammonia synthesis processes, methanol-reformer systems, and syngas (H 2 /CO mixtures) systems that are pertinent to chemical and petrochemical industries. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Metal dusting is experienced at high temperatures in oxidizing-carburizing environments that are prevalent in heat-treating industry. The gases used in heat-treating operations mix with oil residue on the work pieces to form gases that are kinetically favorable for metal dusting attack.…”

Section: Project Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Materials Resistant to Metal Dusting Degradation-Vol 2

Natesan¹

2008

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“…man bei mangelndem Schwefelgehalt (< 0,3 5% bezogcn auf elemcntarcn Schwefel) zusadich Schwefelkohlenstoff zuniischt, urn die Zerstorurig zu hemmcn(13). Fliigeleinsatz fur Separatoren aus C 18.8 S Nickel-Gufllegierungen mit 1,4 % Mo verwendet, so dafl sie dort fast als Standardlegierung bezeichnet werdcn konnen.…”

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Legierter Guß im chemischen Apparatebau

Rabald¹

1956

Materials & Corrosion

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Es wird die chemische Widerstandsfähigkeit geschildert von Nickel‐Grauguß, Eisen‐Chromguß, Eisen‐Chrom‐Nickelguß (auch mit Zusatz von Molybdän), Eisen‐Siliciumguß (auch mit Molybdänzusatz), Nickel‐Molybdänguß (auch mit Chromzusatz) und Nickel‐Siliciumguß. Dabei werden Anwendungsbeispiele aufgezeigt. Besonders eingegangen wird awf die Erzeugnisse der Bergischen Stahlindustrie, Remscheid.

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Corrosion of 18-8 Alloy Furnace Tubes in High-Temperature Vapor Phase Cracking Service

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

A Model for High-Temperature Pitting Corrosion in Nickel-Based Alloys Involving Internal Precipitation of Carbides, Oxides, and Graphite

A Model for High-Temperature Pitting Corrosion in Nickel-Based Alloys Involving Internal Precipitation of Carbides, Oxides, and Graphite

Development of Materials Resistant to Metal Dusting Degradation-Vol 2

Legierter Guß im chemischen Apparatebau

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