Corrosion mechanisms of mild steel in chloride-rich atmospheres

Fuente, Daniel de la; Díaz, Iván; Alcántara, J.; Chico, Belén; Simancas, J.; Llorente, Irene; García-Delgado, A.; Jiménez, José Antonio; Adeva, P.; Morcillo, M.

doi:10.1002/maco.201508488

Cited by 60 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Present study agreed well with the findings of other studies in marine atmospheres, where the morphologies usually found are lepidocrocite, goethite, akagnetite, and magnetite . Alcantara et al recently discerned among different types of morphology of rust which include acicular, tubular, globular, laminar, and toroidal with different sub morphologies like doughnut shaped, worm nests, bird's nests, feather‐like, and prism‐shaped morphologies.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Characterization of atmospheric corrosion near the coastal areas of Arabian Sea

Jamil¹,

Bano²,

Castaño

et al. 2017

Materials & Corrosion

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Atmospheric corrosion near the coastal areas of Karachi is a subject of great interest where seasonal variation of north Arabian Sea, high onshore activities, high levels of atmospheric pollutants, high humidity, and low temperature range affects the service life of structural materials. Mild steel test coupons were exposed at the two atmospheric corrosion stations located in National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) and Karachi Port Trust (KPT) along the coastal line of Karachi, Pakistan for a period of 12 months. During the exposure period, the sulfur dioxide and chloride levels, corrosion rates and kinetics parameters were determined. The corrosion rates are high on both sites, but the corrosivity found in NIO is higher (C5) than in KPT (C4). Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the corrosion products. Lepidocrocite is the main compound in NIO corrosion products, while in KPT are goethite and magnetite. The composition and morphology of corrosion products help to explain the difference in the corrosivity of both sites.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Characterization of atmospheric corrosion near the coastal areas of Arabian Sea

Jamil¹,

Bano²,

Castaño

et al. 2017

Materials & Corrosion

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“…Corrosion kinetic parameters n and correlation coefficient (R 2 ) were obtained for both test stations. Linear regression analysis was employed to plot the results as a linear function of time by using following equation

\log C = \log K + n \log t

Where, K = intercept (equal to the corrosion in the first‐year), n = slope of the log‐log plot and t = time…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric corrosion patterns of electrogalvanized mild steel at east southern coastal areas of CPEC

Jamil

Bano

Castaño

et al. 2018

Materials & Corrosion

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The primary goal of the study was to establish corrosivity category in accordance with ISO 9223 norm of the two test stations located at National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) and Karachi Port Trust (KPT) along the east southern coastal route of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) project in Pakistan. Electrogalvanized mild steel test coupons were exposed for a period of 12 months from May 2014 to May 2015. Results indicated that for both NIO and KPT test stations the corrosivity category in term of corrosion rate (C5+) was not in agreement with the corrosivity category (C5) established by using the pollution category and time of wetness. Corrosion kinetic parameters n and correlation coefficient (R2) obtained for NIO were 1.58 and 0.98 and for KPT 1.43 and 0.95 respectively. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) showed the presence of simonkolleite at NIO while zincite and hydrozincite at KPT. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that the typical corrosion products formed on both test stations were simonkolleite and hydrozincite. XRD showed the presence of zincite at both test stations and hydrozincite only at KPT.

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“…At an early stage, amorphous masses of oxides with a spongy appearance are created, to transform primarily to lepidocrocite, part of which is further transformed in goethite. The studied phases have been generated either from the direct precipitation from a ferrous or a ferric solution, or by transformation of another iron oxide, at room temperature [3,49]. At a first glance at preceding investigations, Evan's model [50] regarding phase transition during wetting and drying conditions could contribute to illustrating the expended phase composition of a mild steel surface, after the prolonged exposure tests [51].…”

Section: Morphology Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As commented in preceding studies, it seems that small amounts of goethite were formed after a significant exposure time [3] by lepidocrocite solid transformation due to the presence of chloride ions as well as by the transformation of green rust (Fe II x Fe y III (OH) 3x+2y−z (A − ) z [54]) during the drying process (Figure 7d,e). The chloride ions, as aggressive anions, are considered [49] to accelerate the corrosion process, penetrating the protective layer and hence attacking the fresh unharmed metal surface beneath the layer, triggering pitting corrosion. Therefore, chloride anions may not be detected onto the corrosion product layer neither as ferrous (FeCl 2 ) nor as ferric (FeCl 3 ) salts, which are initially formed [47,62], since these salts are meant to be significantly soluble in water.…”

Section: Morphology Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on the Corrosion Inhibitive Effect of 2-Mecraptobenzothiazole and Na2HPO4 on Industrial Conveying API 5L X42 Pipeline Steel

et al. 2019

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Mild or low-carbon steel has an increasing utilization and is widely used for building construction, machinery parts, and pipelines, because it can be machined easily and has enhanced weldability as well as a low price. In any case, the corrosion resistance of mild steel under the conditions in industrial applications or in atmosphere is a thoughtful concern. This study inquires into the application of 2-mecraptobenzothiazole (MBT) and Na2HPO4 as corrosion inhibitors for the protection of API 5L X42 pipeline steel in 3.5 wt % NaCl as well as in water from the Athens city supply system. The electrochemical/morphological characterizations of the aforementioned mild steel proved that the corrosion protection mechanisms can be assigned to the protective layers created onto the metal surface because of the presence of the inhibitors, which prevent chloride’s penetration. The synergistic effect of the MBT and Na2HPO4 corrosion inhibition behavior, in a molar ratio of 1:1, revealed that the additives performed effectively with corrosion inhibition efficiency above 90%.

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Corrosion mechanisms of mild steel in chloride-rich atmospheres

Cited by 60 publications

References 28 publications

Characterization of atmospheric corrosion near the coastal areas of Arabian Sea

Characterization of atmospheric corrosion near the coastal areas of Arabian Sea

Atmospheric corrosion patterns of electrogalvanized mild steel at east southern coastal areas of CPEC

Comparative Study on the Corrosion Inhibitive Effect of 2-Mecraptobenzothiazole and Na2HPO4 on Industrial Conveying API 5L X42 Pipeline Steel

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