Corrosion Management of the Hanford High-Level Nuclear Waste Tanks

Beavers, J.A.; Sridhar, Narasi; Boomer, K. D.

doi:10.1007/s11837-014-0877-3

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…To effectively manage corrosion, a comprehensive understanding of the corrosion mechanisms associated with the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER), Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR), and Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) is crucial, along with a deep knowledge of the operating environment and the factors that can either accelerate or mitigate corrosion. Additionally, it is essential to consider the applicable regulations and safety standards from NACE [8] or another standard that can apply regarding corrosion prevention across various industrial sectors, including petrochemicals [9], aeronautics [10], shipbuilding and maritime infrastructure [11][12][13][14], energy [15], mining [16], nuclear waste [17], microbial induced corrosion (MIC) [18], and atmospheric corrosion [19], among others. By incorporating this knowledge, industries can develop robust corrosion management strategies that ensure the safety, longevity, and optimal performance of their assets and infrastructure.…”

Section: Cellular Automata As Tools In Corrosion Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Automata Modeling as a Tool in Corrosion Management

Reinoso-Burrows,

Toro,

Cortés-Carmona

et al. 2023

Materials

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Cellular automata models have emerged as a valuable tool in corrosion management. This manuscript provides an overview of the application of cellular automata models in corrosion research, highlighting their benefits and contributions to understanding the complex nature of corrosion processes. Cellular automata models offer a computational approach to simulating corrosion behavior at the microscale, capturing the intricate interactions between electrochemical reactions, material properties, and environmental factors and generating a new vision of predictive maintenance. It reviews the key features of cellular automata, such as the grid-based representation of the material surface, the definition of state variables, and the rules governing cell-state transitions. The ability to model local interactions and emergent global behavior makes cellular automata particularly suitable for simulating corrosion processes. Finally, cellular automata models offer a powerful and versatile approach to studying corrosion processes, expanding models that can continue to enhance our understanding of corrosion and contribute to the development of effective corrosion prevention and control strategies.

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Section: Cellular Automata As Tools In Corrosion Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Automata Modeling as a Tool in Corrosion Management

Reinoso-Burrows,

Toro,

Cortés-Carmona

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…1 Subsequently, over a third of these storage tanks have developed leaks. 2 This waste was produced from a number of different separations processes that were used to separate the plutonium from the bulk of the fuel. 3 The fuel was dissolved in nitric acid, which was subsequently neutralized with sodium hydroxide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation of aluminum phases at the Hanford Site

Westesen

Peterson

2021

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Treatment of the tank waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation in WashingtonState is one of the largest environmental challenges facing the world today. Disposition of the insoluble solids poses the greatest hurdle to achieving long-term stabilization of the tank waste. The single largest component of the insoluble solids is aluminum. An assessment of the characterization of this waste has identified that the aluminum is roughly split into thirds between sodium aluminate, gibbsite, and boehmite mineral phases. The largest single source of aluminum in the Hanford tank farms is associated with the tanks located in the southwest corner of the site. These tanks contain relatively high concentrations of aluminum such that the mass of insoluble solids present could be reduced by up to 90% through caustic leaching of the materials in these tanks. Performing such leaching processes would enable the recovery of waste from several leak-prone single-shell tanks in that area.

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“…Decades of laboratory studies have yielded much engineering information on how to control localized corrosion and SCC by controlling the waste chemistry. [3][4] While chemistry control is the most practical approach to managing the tank integrity, it has also been demonstrated that electrochemical potential has an impact on the failure modes. [4][5] The waste chemistry control specifications are largely derived from relatively short-term, accelerated tests, in which the open-circuit potential (OCP) is relatively low (around −300 mV SCE saturated calomel electrode, SCE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4] While chemistry control is the most practical approach to managing the tank integrity, it has also been demonstrated that electrochemical potential has an impact on the failure modes. [4][5] The waste chemistry control specifications are largely derived from relatively short-term, accelerated tests, in which the open-circuit potential (OCP) is relatively low (around −300 mV SCE saturated calomel electrode, SCE). 3 An understanding of the long-term evolution of the OCP of carbon steel under different waste chemistries is important in predicting potential failure modes and mitigating them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Evolution of Corrosion Potential of Carbon Steel in Alkaline Radioactive Waste Environments

Evans¹,

Sridhar²,

Rollins³

et al. 2019

CORROSION

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The long-term shifts of corrosion potential are important in predicting the likelihood of localized corrosion and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of carbon steel used for storing radioactive wastes in underground storage tanks. Although considerable work has been done in understanding the passivity and corrosion potential of steel in various electrolytes, an important aspect of the current work is in assessing the effects of multiyear exposures of steel in waste simulants and their effects on corrosion potential. It is shown that SCC susceptibility of steel in nitrate increases at the long-term corrosion potential in solutions without organics (either by applying that potential or letting the corrosion potential increase over time). The long-term increase in corrosion potential results principally from a decrease in the passive current density with time of exposure. The present work shows that such a reduction in passive current density is accompanied by changes in the semi-conductive properties of the passive film, which itself may be a result of changes in stoichiometry of the film over time. Nitrite reduction is the most likely cathodic reaction with a small contribution from oxygen reduction. However, the presence of organic species in the environment can result in additional anodic reactions that may decrease the corrosion potential.

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Corrosion Management of the Hanford High-Level Nuclear Waste Tanks

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Cellular Automata Modeling as a Tool in Corrosion Management

Cellular Automata Modeling as a Tool in Corrosion Management

Speciation of aluminum phases at the Hanford Site

Long-Term Evolution of Corrosion Potential of Carbon Steel in Alkaline Radioactive Waste Environments

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