Corrosion kinetics of Steel T91 in flowing oxygen-containing lead–bismuth eutectic at 450°C

Behaviour of the steel T91 under uniaxial and multiaxial slow loading in contact with liquid lead

“…On the other hand, the smooth specimen tested at 450°C (Fig.5.b) at the slowest strain rate, R2, had a clearly developed oxide layer, along all the surface of the specimen, separating the liquid Pb from direct contact with the steel. In agreement with prior studies on the oxidation behaviour of T91 steels [14,15,16], a multi-layered oxide scale formed on the steel surface. Similar multiple-peak signals of Fe and Cr in oxide scale area were seen in the HLM/ T91 steel systems if a double layer oxide, with Cr-rich inner and magnetite outer layers, is formed [16].…”

Behavior of the Steel T91 under Multi Axial Loading in Contact with Liquid and Solid Pb

“…The optimal oxygen concentration to grow stable and protective oxide scales on the T91 steel was evaluated to be about 10 −6 wt. % at 500 • C [4][5][6], which may slightly change as a function of temperature. The protective oxide layer prevents initiation of any kind of degradation, including dissolution and LME.…”

Oxidation behavior of T91 steel in flowing oxygen‐containing lead‐bismuth eutectic at 500 °C

“…Table shows the comparison results of the parabolic rate constants for the T91 steel in LBE with around 10 −6 wt% dissolved oxygen at different temperatures and velocities . The experimental k p at 500 °C and 1 m/s are different from that at other temperatures and velocities.…”

“…Based on the analysis of the Sections 3.1 and 3.2 and the previous literature , the growth model of the oxide scale under the test conditions is established in combination with its exfoliation process of oxide scale. Besides the exfoliation process of oxide scale, the elemental diffusion mechanism at the interface between the matrix and LBE, the growth direction of each oxide layer and the transformation process of Fe‐Cr spinel to magnetite are systematically considered in the growth model.…”

“…These studies showed that C O = 10 −6 wt% is a suitable range of oxygen concentration in LBE that allows in situ formation of thin protective oxide scale on the surface of T91 steel, which can prevent steel matrix from suffering dissolution attack. In recent years, the oxidation kinetics of T91 has been investigated in flowing LBE with around 10 −6 wt% of dissolved oxygen at 450 and 550 °C, respectively . It was found through comparison that the growth kinetics dependences and mechanism of the oxide scale on the T91 surface were different at various temperatures, even under the same oxygen concentration and flowing velocity.…”