Corrosion Detection by Infrared Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy via Diamond-Like Carbon-Coated Silicon Wafers and Iron-Sensitive Dyes

Türkmen, Dervis; Dettenrieder, Carina; Forsberg, Pontus; Mattsson, Andreas; Nikolajeff, Fredrik; Österlund, Lars; Karlsson, Mikael; Mizaikoff, Boris

doi:10.3390/s19153373

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It can be known from above literature that DLC film can be formed on a variety of metals in a variety of methods to protect the substrate and improve its surface properties [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Compared with other techniques, magnetron sputtering has the characteristics of low temperature deposition, which is especially suitable for the preparation of protective DLC film on the surface of Mg alloy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Properties of DLC Films Deposited on Mg Alloy at Different C2H2 Flows of Magnetron Sputtering Process

Sun

Cheng

2021

Coatings

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Diamond-like carbon (DLC) film is widely used due to its excellent properties, such as high hardness and high wear resistance. To investigate the advantages of DLC film applied on the surface of Mg alloy, direct current (DC) pulse magnetron sputtering was used to prepare DLC film via plasma sputtering a graphite target and introducing C2H2 gas. The silicon interlayer was fabricated by sputtering the Si target. A scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), a nano-indentation instrument, an electrochemical workstation and a pin-on-disc tester were employed to obtain the surface morphology, microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior and wear resistance of the obtained film, respectively. The results show that the DLC films are dense and compact, and the structure changes from amorphous to nanocrystalline with the increase of C2H2 flow. The film prepared at low C2H2 flow has larger surface roughness, lower deposition rate, higher hardness and elasticity modulus, poorer corrosion resistance and better wear resistance, compared with the film prepared at higher acetylene flow. The self-corrosion potential of the obtained DLC film is higher than −0.95 V, the corrosion current density is 10−7 A/cm2 orders of magnitude, and the wear rate is 10−9 mm3/Nm orders of magnitude. The friction coefficient of the film is less than 0.065, the hardness is 17.3 to 22.1 MPa, and the elastic modulus is 145 to 170 MPa. The DLC films obtained on the surface of AZ91 alloy have good comprehensive properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Properties of DLC Films Deposited on Mg Alloy at Different C2H2 Flows of Magnetron Sputtering Process

Sun

Cheng

2021

Coatings

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“…Films of DLC are composed of a sp 3 -and sp 2 -hybridized carbon. Hence, DLC offers a high robustness and chemical inertness with transparency in the entire IR spectral range [42][43][44]. Janotta et al have successfully demonstrated the feasibility of DLC films as protective coating for detecting strongly oxidizing agents in aqueous matrix [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DLC films would enhance the long-term durability hindering the decomposition of the silver halide fiber, and therefore, preventing the attenuation of the transmitted IR radiation [47]. DLC in combination with MIR sensing was already presented by several research teams [43,45,[48][49][50], and application within changing conditions, i.e., high temperature and humidity, was already shown [51]. Therefore, application in harsh environments and sufficient protection of the waveguide is enabled.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water by Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy and Diamond-Like Carbon Coated Silicon Wafers

et al. 2020

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are one of the most commonly detected contaminants in water. The occurrence is mainly in gasoline and other petroleum-based products, fumigants, paints and plastics. Releases into the environment and the widespread use have an impact on the ecosystem such as humans and animals due to their toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. VOCs may persist in groundwater and may enter drinking water supplies. In this paper, a diamond-like carbon (DLC)-coated silicon waveguide in combination with a polymer film (ethylene/propylene copolymer, E/P-co) for enrichment of analytes was investigated to determine its suitability for ATR-FTIR (attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopic detection of VOCs. The DLC film was fluorine-terminated enhancing the adhesion of the hydrophobic polymer to the waveguide surface. The analytes diffuse into the hydrophobic polymer whereas water is excluded from the emanating evanescent field. Therefore, direct detection in aqueous systems is enabled. Nine VOCs, i.e., ethylbenzene (EB), trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (TeCE), the xylene isomers (p-xylene, pXYL; m-xylene, mXYL; o-xylene, oXYL), naphthalene (NAPH), toluene (TOL), and benzene (BENZ), were evaluated simultaneously qualitatively and quantitatively showing the potential of DLC coatings revealing high sensitivities in the low ppb to ppm concentration range, i.e., 50 ppb for TeCE. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time of IR spectroscopic detection of VOCs in aqueous solutions using DLC-coated waveguides in combination with a hydrophobic polymer. By utilizing a DLC-coated waveguide, a versatile sensor for real-time monitoring in harsh environments such as effluents, leaking pipelines, and underground storage tanks is feasible due to response times within a few minutes.

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“…(5) To prevent safety risks and following damages caused by corrosion, it is necessary to recognize rust immediately from the beginning. Previous investigations show the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to analyze corrosion processes [9][10][11]. Therefore, a three-electrode cell with a working electrode, counter electrode, and a reference electrode is used to perform a measurement by applying a certain voltage and current to a metal sheet placed in the measuring cell filled with an aqueous solution as electrolyte.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EIS is often limited to laboratory use only due to its sensitivity to vibrations. In addition, this method is very time-consuming due to the recording of a full impedance spectrum and its various evaluation methods and requires a good knowledge in electrical engineering [9,11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Corrosion Processes via Visible Fiber-Optic Evanescent Wave Sensor

Türkmen

Krug²,

Mizaikoff

2020

Chemosensors

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Ferrous objects, especially those that are additionally exposed to harsh environments, e.g., high humidity, have the common problem of suffering aggressive corrosion processes. Without a precaution, this leads in many cases to a limited functionality followed by treatment steps, and expensive repairing costs, as well as to defects/uselessness and even to safety problems, e.g., bridge-collapsing, escaping gas and liquids from pipelines, or leaking oil tankers destroying the ecological system. Conventionally applied methods are confined to laboratory use due to bulky instruments, and are, therefore, time-intensive and may cause erroneous results. Therefore, a sensor based on fiber-optic evanescent wave spectroscopy (FEWS) working in the visible spectral range was developed. The sensor system is comprised of an uncoated single crystal sapphire fiber as a waveguide operating in the visible spectral range in combination with a laser diode as a light source at a specific wavelength and a photodiode for signal detection. Within this study, the potential of the developed sensor was investigated. The corrosion process was simulated by implementing a corroded iron bar inside the measuring cell. When corrosion starts, iron ions are released leading to a complexation reaction with the dye. The results showed the potential use of the developed sensor system enabling implementation for online and on-site detection and monitoring of components susceptible to corrosion.

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Corrosion Detection by Infrared Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy via Diamond-Like Carbon-Coated Silicon Wafers and Iron-Sensitive Dyes

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Structure and Properties of DLC Films Deposited on Mg Alloy at Different C2H2 Flows of Magnetron Sputtering Process

Structure and Properties of DLC Films Deposited on Mg Alloy at Different C2H2 Flows of Magnetron Sputtering Process

Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water by Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy and Diamond-Like Carbon Coated Silicon Wafers

Monitoring Corrosion Processes via Visible Fiber-Optic Evanescent Wave Sensor

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