Corrosion data from Hanford High-Level waste tank 241-AN-107

Abstract

Document describes first year of operation of electrochemical noise based corrosion monitoring system. system status are presented. corrosion, tank monitoring 241-AN-107 Data and

Can Common Pool Resource Theory Catalyze Stakeholder-Driven Solutions to the Freshwater Salinization Syndrome?

“… 9 , 68 Concerned that this upward trend might continue, the local water purveyor (Fairfax Water) began exploring planning-level options, including a reverse osmosis treatment upgrade that would likely cost more than $1 billion (or roughly $1000 per customer), not including brine disposal costs, energy and carbon footprint costs, and lost production capacity. 69 Scaled up to the 50+ million people living in the Mid-Atlantic where salinity is rising quickly 3 and projected to continue increasing, 4 the capital costs alone of “desalinating freshwater” in the region could potentially exceed $50 billion. Further, this problem is unlikely to be solved using top-down regulatory approaches (e.g., by setting wasteload and load allocations for point and nonpoint sodium sources in the watershed, respectively, through a total maximum daily load, or TMDL, process) because only a handful of states, not including Virginia, have adopted sodium-specific thresholds, or criteria, for drinking water.…”

“…The success of this experiment in water reclamation continues to inspire the construction of similar facilities around the country and world . However, starting around 1995, sodium concentrations in the Occoquan Reservoir began to rise and now regularly exceed the drinking water health advisory for individuals on a severely restricted sodium diet (20 (Na + ) mg/L) and the lower drinking water taste threshold (30 (Na + ) mg/L) issued by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). , Concerned that this upward trend might continue, the local water purveyor (Fairfax Water) began exploring planning-level options, including a reverse osmosis treatment upgrade that would likely cost more than $1 billion (or roughly $1000 per customer), not including brine disposal costs, energy and carbon footprint costs, and lost production capacity . Scaled up to the 50+ million people living in the Mid-Atlantic where salinity is rising quickly and projected to continue increasing, the capital costs alone of “desalinating freshwater” in the region could potentially exceed $50 billion.…”

Electrochemical Noise

“…Process streams in chemical plants [116,117] . Nuclear waste environments [118][119][120][121] Different ECN methods have been used to study and monitor corrosion processes and identify the corrosion mechanisms, with the most common being potential noise, current noise, and noise resistance monitoring.…”