Corrosion behaviour of steel in concrete in the presence of stray current

Bertolini, Luca; Carsana, Maddalena; Pedeferri, Pietro

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2006.05.048

Cited by 218 publications

(131 citation statements)

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“…Along with consequences for the steel reinforcement, as stray current-induced steel corrosion (Bertolini et al 2007), a stray DC current flow can exert modification of the bulk matrix and lead to structural degradation (Susanto et al 2013). Modification of the bulk matrix, in view of altered microstructural properties and steel/cement paste interface properties, were also studied in detail and reported to be induced by DC current flow within cathodic protection applications (Koleva et al 2006(Koleva et al , 2007(Koleva et al , 2009(Koleva et al , 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Water-to-Cement Ratio and Curing on Material Properties of Mortar Specimens in Stray Current Conditions

Susanto

Koleva

Breugel

2017

ACT

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This work reports on the synergetic effect of water-to-cement ratio, curing conditions, varying external environment and stray current on the microstructural (porosity and pore size), electrical (resistivity) and mechanical (compressive strength) properties of 28 days-cured cement-based materials. The influence of curing on porosity and pore size, in stray current conditions, was assessed by correlating the performance of 28 days cured mortar with that of fresh (24h-cured only) mortar specimens in identical environmental medium. Three different levels of electrical current density (i.e. 10mA/m 2 , 100 mA/m 2 and 1 A/m 2 ) were applied to simulate stray current flow through hardened mortar specimens with water-to-cement ratio of 0.5 and 0.35. Different environmental conditions were employed i.e. sealed conditions, partly immersed, and fully submerged in water and calcium hydroxide medium. Microstructural, mechanical and electrical properties were monitored in the course of 140 days. The outcomes suggest a potentially positive effect of the stray current, where water and/or humidity exchange with the external environment is restricted. The potential for this positive effect was experimentally supported through the recorded matrix densification and increased compressive strength of mortar specimens, subjected to stray current and treated in calcium hydroxide and/or sealed conditions, compared to equally handled and treated control cases. In contrast, for water submerged mortar specimens, subjected to stray current, coarsening of the bulk matrix and reduced compressive strength were observed. The outcomes were irrespective of w/c ratio and curing conditions. The effect of stray current was found to be predominantly determined by the current density level and increased at values > 100mA/m 2 . This would result in compromised mechanical properties and potentially reduced performance of cementbased materials within service life. Therefore, concrete curing and conditioning on site need to include considerations for the potential effect of stray currents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Water-to-Cement Ratio and Curing on Material Properties of Mortar Specimens in Stray Current Conditions

Susanto

Koleva

Breugel

2017

ACT

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“…The transmission channel of Cl -ions in the structure is restricted, which hinders the Cl -ion migration. Moreover, the chemical activity of SO 4 2-ions is stronger than that of Cl -ion. SO 4 2-ions will first react with C 3 A producing ettringite.…”

Section: The Results and Analysis Of Chloride Ion Erosionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…(4) that for the same mixture, chloride ion concentration is relatively larger for Cl -ion corroded segment compared with the SO 4 2-+Cl -corroded segment. This is because the pore of concrete may be filled by ettringite produced by reaction of SO 4 2 -ion in the solution and hydration products. The transmission channel of Cl -ions in the structure is restricted, which hinders the Cl -ion migration.…”

Section: The Results and Analysis Of Chloride Ion Erosionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Test on Durability of Shield Tunnel Concrete Segment under Coupling Multi-Factors

Li¹,

Yu²,

Ma³

et al. 2014

TOCIEJ

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Abstract:To study the durability of shield tunnel concrete segment under coupling multi-factors, the durability and degradation law of reinforced concrete segments under the joint action of carbonation, sulfate, chloride salt and stray current was studied by accelerated environmental and direct current (DC) power simulation test. The results show that the presence of the stray current not only accelerates the migration of chloride ions to the concrete, but also makes chlorine ion gradually converge to the steel surface. The steel corrosion near the corrosion solution on the up surface of segment is more serious than the steel corrosion near the carbon dioxide on the lower surface. The interaction of chlorine ions and stray current primarily controls the durability of the segment.

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“…Steel corrosion in concrete is normally an electrochemical reaction process [35] and concrete structures may be exposed to stray currents coming from railways, cathodic protection systems, or high voltage power lines [36]. A small amount of current is sometimes involved in the corrosion monitoring application of embeddable sensors [24].…”

Section: Galvanostatic Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Performance of All-Solid-State Chloride Sensors in Synthetic Concrete Pore Solutions

Gao

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2010

Sensors

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Abstract:One type of all-solid-state chloride sensor was fabricated using a MnO 2 electrode and a Ag/AgCl electrode. The potentiometric response of the sensor to chloride in synthetic concrete pore solutions was systematically studied, and the polarization performance was also evaluated. The results show a good linear relationship between the potential reading of the sensor and the logarithm of chloride activity (concentration ranges from 0.05 to 5.0 M), and the potential value remains stable with increasing immersion time. ions have little influence on the potentiometric response of the sensor to chloride, but the pH has a significant influence on the potential value of the sensor at low chloride concentration. The potential reading of the sensor increases linearly with the solution temperature over the range from 5 to 45 C. Meanwhile, an excellent polarization behavior is proven by galvanostatic and potentiodynamic tests. All of the results reveal that the developed sensor has a great potential for monitoring chloride ions in concrete environments.

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Corrosion behaviour of steel in concrete in the presence of stray current

Cited by 218 publications

References 1 publication

The Effect of Water-to-Cement Ratio and Curing on Material Properties of Mortar Specimens in Stray Current Conditions

The Effect of Water-to-Cement Ratio and Curing on Material Properties of Mortar Specimens in Stray Current Conditions

Test on Durability of Shield Tunnel Concrete Segment under Coupling Multi-Factors

Fabrication and Performance of All-Solid-State Chloride Sensors in Synthetic Concrete Pore Solutions

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