Corrosion behavior of steels for CO2 injection

Corrosion behavior of low-alloy steel with martensite/ferrite microstructure at vapor-saturated CO2 and CO2-saturated brine conditions

“…The growth rate should dominate according to Eqs. (9) and (10). A compact and dense outer layer consisting of large FeCO 3 crystals is formed on the coupon surface (Fig.…”

“…They act as passivity promoters because they combine low metal-metal bond strength with high metal-oxygen bond strength. The low metal-metal bond strength is beneficial for the rapid nucleation and growth of the oxide by facilitating the breaking of the surface metal-metal bonds in the early stages of passivation [9]. In this experiment, Cr is added into the tested steel.…”

“…It is accepted that the rate of nucleation and growth of FeCO 3 crystals depends not only on the supersaturation (SS), but also on the relative supersaturation ( = SS − 1) [35]. In fact, the rate of crystal R is approximately a linear relationship relative to supersaturation, as described in equilibrium (9), and the rate of nucleation I increases exponentially with relative supersaturation, as displayed in Eq. (10) [13,37]:…”

“…Eqs. (9) and (10) show that the nucleation rate increases exponentially with relative supersaturation, whereas the rate of particle growth increases linearly with relative supersaturation. The nucleation rate should dominate when the relative supersaturation is high.…”

“…Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is a promising technique to reduce CO 2 emission through the injection of carbon dioxide into underground geological layers, such as oil fields, gas fields, saline formations and unminable coal seams [6]. CO 2 transportation from the contaminative source to the storage site by using pipeline steel in oil and gas industry is a preferential option [7][8][9]. Two different corrosive attacks in the borehole of a CCS site are possible.…”