Corrosion behavior of novel Ti‐24Nb‐4Zr‐7.9Sn alloy for dental implant applications in vitro

Abstract

Ti-24Nb-4Zr-7.9Sn (TNZS) alloy is a newly developed β-titanium alloy considered suitable for dental implant applications due to its low elastic modulus and high strength. The aim of this study was to investigate the corrosion behavior of TNZS alloy through a static immersion test in various simulated physiological solutions, namely, artificial saliva, lactic acid solution, fluoridated saliva, and fluoridated acidified saliva for 7 days. The corrosion behavior of commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy were also examined for comparison. The elemental release was measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, and the changes of alloy surface were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The test results showed that the quantity of each metal element released from TNZS alloy into fluoridated solutions was much higher than the solutions without fluoride ions. It was highest in fluoridated acidified saliva and lowest in artificial saliva (p < 0.01). The total elemental release from TNZS alloy was lower than commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy in the same solution (p < 0.01). SEM micrographs indicated that TNZS alloy possessed better corrosion resistant performance. It can be concluded that fluoridated solutions have a negative influence on the corrosion behavior of TNZS alloy. Compared with commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy, TNZS alloy demonstrates better corrosion resistance in various simulated physiological solutions, so it has greater potential for dental implant applications.

Increased Levels of Dissolved Titanium Are Associated With Peri‐Implantitis – A Cross‐Sectional Study

“…Previous work has recorded the immunogenic effect on the participation of the products of titanium corrosion in amplifying host inflammatory response and enhancing bone loss in peri‐implantitis lesions by means of an increased release of proinflammatory cytokines, 15 TNF‐α, 11 IL‐1β, 14 and RANKL 17 by host cells in the presence of titanium products. Nonetheless, the present work unveiled a previously unexplored association between bacterial plaque, dissolved titanium released into the peri‐implant tissues and peri‐implantitis.…”

“…This finding implies that the specific bacterial niche associated with peri‐implant microenvironments might have a role in addition to the interaction with host immune responses that may also contribute to peri‐implantitis. In addition to bacteria, aggressive chemical stimuli, such as acidic fluoride solutions, have been associated with corrosion 10 , 11 . Furthermore, the electrical conductivity of titanium in the presence of oral bacteria has been shown to provide a closed circuit that may enhance the bio‐corrosive process 12 …”

Titanium Corrosion Mechanisms in the Oral Environment: A Retrieval Study

“…Titanium and its alloys are known for having excellent biocompatibility and corrosion resistance; however, Ti metal ion release has been previously reported in vivo and with in vitro experiments [21]. Kumazawa et al [22] reported that Ti particles can indeed induce a cytotoxic response in vivo .…”

Scanning Electron Micrographic Investigation of Explanted (Used) Metallic Biomedical Implants for Corrosion and Other Mechanical Damage Responsible for Failure

“…Although there are many studies reporting corrosion and mechanical damage of metallic implants in vivo, including detailed Scanning Electron Micrography [9]- [12], the authors do not find any work, particularly corresponding to patients in Indian subcontinent, where metallurgical investigations are corroborated with the clinical findings on the same implants.…”